Previous research has highlighted the role of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in learning and plasticity. What is currently unknown is how this knowledge translates to real-life complex cognitive abilities that emerge slowly and how the link between these neurotransmitters and human learning and plasticity is shaped by development. While some have suggested a generic role of glutamate and GABA in learning and plasticity, others have hypothesized that their involvement shapes sensitive periods during development. Here we used a cross-sectional longitudinal design with 255 individuals (spanning primary school to university) to show that glutamate and GABA in the intraparietal sulcus explain unique variance both in current and future mathematical achievement (approximately 1.5 years). Furthermore, our findings reveal a dynamic and dissociable role of GABA and glutamate in predicting learning, which is reversed during development, and therefore provide novel implications for models of learning and plasticity during childhood and adulthood.

中文翻译：

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在人类发展中使用 GABA 和谷氨酸浓度预测学习和成就。

先前的研究强调了谷氨酸盐和 γ-氨基丁酸 (GABA) 在学习和可塑性中的作用。目前未知的是，这些知识如何转化为现实生活中缓慢出现的复杂认知能力，以及这些神经递质与人类学习和可塑性之间的联系如何受到发展的影响。虽然有些人提出谷氨酸和 GABA 在学习和可塑性中的一般作用，但其他人假设它们的参与塑造了发育过程中的敏感期。在这里，我们使用了 255 个人（从小学到大学）的横截面纵向设计，以表明顶内沟中的谷氨酸和 GABA 解释了当前和未来数学成就（约 1.5 年）的独特差异。此外，