Potassium bromate (KBrO₃) is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a carcinogenic compound, where it causes renal tumors. The present study investigated the potential curative effect of metformin loaded on gold nanoparticles (MET AuNPs) in attenuating KBrO₃-induced nephrotoxicity. Rats were divided into eight groups (control, MET, AuNPs, MET AuNPs, KBrO₃, KBrO₃/MET, KBrO₃/AuNPS, and KBrO₃/MET AuNPs). KBrO₃ administration resulted in a significant elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), creatinine, urea, uric acid. Also, KBrO₃ significantly increased renal malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and nitric oxide (NO) levels and reduced the activities of antioxidant molecules superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and Reduced glutathione (GSH). It also caused damaged DNA spots in comet assay and increased inflammatory IL-6 and apoptotic markers (caspase 3, Bax) while antiapoptotic Bcl-2 was significantly reduced. MET, AuNPS, MET AuNPS reduced the extent of renal damage induced by KBrO₃ as indicated by decreased (AST, ALT, ALP, Alb, TP, TB, DB, creatinine, urea, uric, Lipid profile). MET, AuNPS, MET AuNPS showed a good curative effect against KBrO₃-induced nephrotoxicity and MET AuNPS group showed better results compared with monotherapy.

溴酸钾 (KBrO ₃ ) 被国际癌症研究机构归类为致癌化合物，会导致肾肿瘤。_{本研究调查了金纳米颗粒 (MET AuNPs) 负载的二甲双胍在减轻 KBrO 3}诱导的肾毒性方面的潜在疗效。将大鼠分为八组（对照、MET、AuNP、MET AuNP、KBrO ₃、KBrO ₃ /MET、KBrO ₃ /AuNPS 和 KBrO ₃ /MET AuNP）。KBrO ₃给药导致血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（Alb）、总胆红素（TB）、直接胆红素（DB）显着升高、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、肌酐、尿素、尿酸。此外，KBrO ₃显着增加肾脏丙二醛（MDA）、蛋白质羰基（PC）和一氧化氮（NO）水平，并降低抗氧化剂分子超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）的活性）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）。它还导致彗星试验中 DNA 斑点受损，并增加炎症性 IL-6 和凋亡标记物（半胱天冬酶 3、Bax），同时抗凋亡 Bcl-2 显着减少。_{MET、AuNPS、MET AuNPS 降低了 KBrO 3}诱导的肾损伤程度，如 AST、ALT、ALP、Alb、TP、TB、DB、肌酐、尿素、尿酸、脂质谱降低所示。_{MET、AuNPS、MET AuNPS对KBrO 3}引起的肾毒性显示出良好的疗效，并且MET AuNPS组与单一疗法相比显示出更好的效果。