Abstract

This article attends to claims that the expansionist trend in modern constitutional practices resulted in the recognition of many norms that are not real rights: that fail to guide and constrain duty-bearers and empower and protect right-holders because they are too abstract and can be limited too regularly. It claims that many constitutional rights are, indeed, ‘loosely relational’: the correlation between them and duties is flexible and affected by considerations external to the direct relations between the right-holder and the duty-bearer. However, it adds that the assumption that rights must be ‘strictly relational’ for them to exhibit the robust normativity that gives rights their force and value is incorrect. This is important because loosely relational constitutional rights confer this robust normativity on consequentialist standards for the evaluation of legal norms and activities: a fundamental role constitutional rights play in modern liberal legal systems, reflecting a collective commitment to the realisation of social justice.

中文翻译：

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松散关系的宪法权利

摘要

本文关注的是，现代宪法实践中的扩张主义趋势导致承认许多并非真正权利的规范：这些规范未能引导和约束义务承担者，未能授权和保护权利持有人，因为它们过于抽象且可以限制太频繁。它声称，许多宪法权利确实是“松散关联的”：它们与义务之间的关联是灵活的，并且受到权利持有者和义务承担者之间直接关系之外的考虑的影响。然而，它补充说，权利必须是“严格相关的”才能表现出赋予权利力量和价值的强大规范性的假设是不正确的。