Many raised bogs in Central Europe are in an unfavorable state: drainage causes high emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O), while rewetting may result in high methane (CH₄) emissions. Also, the establishment of typical bog species is often hampered during restoration. Measures like topsoil removal (TSR) or introduction of target vegetation are known to improve restoration success in other systems, but experiences on bogs after long-term agricultural use are scarce and their climate effects including carbon losses from TSR are unknown. In a field trial in north-western Germany, consisting of seven plots (intensive grassland, IG, and six restoration approaches), we explored the effects of rewetting, TSR and Sphagnum introduction on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We measured GHG fluxes to obtain two-year GHG budgets and applied a radiative forcing model to assess the time-dependent climate effects. Existing uncertainty of decomposition processes in the translocated topsoil has been incorporated by different topsoil accounting scenarios. According to our data, rewetting alone reduced CO₂ emissions by approximately 75% compared to IG, but substantially increased CH₄ emissions. After TSR and rewetting, on-site CO₂ emissions were close to zero or, with Sphagnum introduction, net negative while CH₄ emissions remained very low. The climatic warming effect of TSR including C export becomes less climate warming than rewetting nutrient-rich peatlands after a few decades. For raised bog restoration, we therefore recommend a TSR sufficient to achieve nutrient-poor and acidic conditions needed for rapid Sphagnum establishment.

中文翻译：

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在高架沼泽恢复中去除表土和引入泥炭藓的气候效益

中欧许多高起的沼泽处于不利状态：排水会导致二氧化碳 (CO ₂ ) 和一氧化二氮 (N ₂ O) 的高排放，而再润湿可能会导致甲烷 (CH ₄ ) 的高排放。此外，在恢复过程中，典型沼泽物种的建立常常受到阻碍。众所周知，诸如表土清除 (TSR) 或引入目标植被等措施可以提高其他系统的恢复成功率，但长期农业使用后沼泽的经验很少，它们的气候影响（包括 TSR 造成的碳损失）尚不清楚。在德国西北部的一项田间试验中，包括七个地块（密集草地、IG 和六种恢复方法），我们探索了再润湿、TSR 和泥炭藓的影响温室气体（GHG）排放简介。我们测量了温室气体通量以获得两年温室气体预算，并应用辐射强迫模型来评估与时间相关的气候影响。不同的表土核算方案已将易位表土分解过程的现有不确定性纳入其中。根据我们的数据，与 IG 相比，仅再润湿可减少约 75% 的 CO ₂排放，但显着增加 CH ₄排放。在 TSR 和再润湿后，现场 CO ₂排放量接近于零，或者在引入泥炭藓的情况下为净负值，而 CH ₄排放量仍然很低。几十年后，与重新润湿营养丰富的泥炭地相比，TSR 的气候变暖效应（包括 C 出口）变得更小。因此，对于升高的沼泽恢复，我们建议TSR 足以实现快速建立泥炭藓所需的营养贫乏和酸性条件。