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Formation of hairy cellulose nanocrystals by cryogrinding
Cellulose ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-22 , DOI: 10.1007/s10570-021-04092-2
Fatma Mahrous 1, 2 , Roya Koshani 1, 2 , Theo G. M. van de Ven 1, 2 , Mandana Tavakolian 2, 3 , Kevin Conley 4
Affiliation  

From a green chemistry perspective, cryogrinding of cellulose fibers conducted under mild conditions is introduced as a rapid, facile, and scalable methodology for the mechanochemical synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals. Traditionally, they are synthesized in a solution using acid/oxidation-based methods in a multi-stage process. This work presents a method for the production of hairy carboxylated nanocrystalline cellulose (HNC) through a mechanochemical process from wood kraft pulp, using two different procedures: (1) dry-cryogrinding (HNC-1 and HNC-2), and (2) cryogrinding with mono-chloroacetate (MCA) under alkaline conditions (HNC-10 and HNC-40). Solid carbon-13 NMR and FTIR spectroscopy proved the presence of carboxyl groups on the nanoparticles. XRD shows that HNC-1 and HNC-2 corresponded to the type I allomorph of cellulose while HNC-10 and HNC-40 corresponded to cellulose II. The crystallinity of nanocelluloses decreases with increasing milling time. HNC nanoparticles produced by cryogrinding are electrosterically stable due to the presence of both protruding chains (“hairs”) and anionic charges, as confirmed by DLS. All HNC particles produced by cryogrinding are rod-shaped with a similar diameter, but HNC-1 and HNC-2 particles are about three times longer than HNC-10 and HNC-40. The unique molecular and crystal structure of the produced HNCs may be important for subsequent chemical modification and developing new applications.



中文翻译:

通过低温研磨形成毛状纤维素纳米晶体

从绿色化学的角度来看,在温和条件下进行纤维素纤维的低温研磨是一种快速、简便且可扩展的纤维素纳米晶体机械化学合成方法。传统上,它们是在多阶段过程中使用基于酸/氧化的方法在溶液中合成的。这项工作提出了一种通过机械化学工艺从木硫酸盐纸浆生产毛状羧化纳米晶纤维素 (HNC) 的方法,使用两种不同的程序:(1) 干法低温研磨(HNC-1 和 HNC-2),和(2)在碱性条件下(HNC-10 和 HNC-40)用单氯乙酸盐 (MCA) 进行冷冻研磨。固体碳 13 NMR 和 FTIR 光谱证明纳米颗粒上存在羧基。XRD表明HNC-1和HNC-2对应于纤维素的I型异形体,而HNC-10和HNC-40对应于纤维素II。纳米纤维素的结晶度随着研磨时间的增加而降低。正如 DLS 所证实的,由于存在突出的链(“毛发”)和阴离子电荷,通过低温研磨生产的 HNC 纳米颗粒具有静电稳定性。通过低温研磨生产的所有 HNC 颗粒都是棒状的,直径相似,但 HNC-1 和 HNC-2 颗粒的长度大约是 HNC-10 和 HNC-40 的三倍。所生产的 HNCs 独特的分子和晶体结构对于后续的化学改性和开发新的应用可能很重要。正如 DLS 所证实的,由于存在突出的链(“毛发”)和阴离子电荷,通过低温研磨生产的 HNC 纳米粒子在电空间上是稳定的。通过低温研磨生产的所有 HNC 颗粒都是棒状的,直径相似,但 HNC-1 和 HNC-2 颗粒的长度大约是 HNC-10 和 HNC-40 的三倍。所生产的 HNCs 独特的分子和晶体结构对于后续的化学改性和开发新的应用可能很重要。正如 DLS 所证实的,由于存在突出的链(“毛发”)和阴离子电荷,通过低温研磨生产的 HNC 纳米粒子在电空间上是稳定的。通过低温研磨生产的所有 HNC 颗粒都是棒状的,直径相似,但 HNC-1 和 HNC-2 颗粒的长度大约是 HNC-10 和 HNC-40 的三倍。所生产的 HNCs 独特的分子和晶体结构对于后续的化学改性和开发新的应用可能很重要。

更新日期:2021-07-23
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