The current study evaluated the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) with plant ingredients without or with lecithin supplementation on Nile tilapia growth, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, growth- and lipid-metabolism-related gene expression. Fingerlings were assigned to six dietary groups: FM and FO (G1), FM and plant oil (G2), plant protein and plant oil (G3), and the same three treatments but with lecithin supplementation (G4–G6) respectively. Fingerlings in G1 and G2 showed higher body weight than fish in G3 (p > 0.05). Lecithin supplementation improved (p < 0.05) growth, particularly in fish fed plant ingredients (G6). Fish fed different diets showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentrations compared with G1. Albumin concentration was significantly reduced in G3 and G6. Partial or complete replacement of FO and FM with plant ingredients, with or without lecithin, significantly modulated (p < 0.05) expression levels of some regulatory genes related to growth and lipid metabolism, with the highest expression in lecithin-supplemented fish. It could be concluded that the complete replacement of FM and FO with plant ingredients (plant protein and oil) non-significantly reduced fish performance. Nevertheless, with lecithin supplementation, Nile tilapia can effectively utilize this plant-based diet as reflected with enhanced growth.

中文翻译：

---

添加卵磷脂作为鱼粉和鱼油替代品的植物成分日粮影响尼罗罗非鱼的生长性能、血清生化、脂质代谢和生长相关基因表达

目前的研究评估了在不添加或添加卵磷脂的情况下用植物成分替代鱼粉 (FM) 和鱼油 (FO) 对尼罗罗非鱼生长、血液生化、肠道形态、生长和脂质代谢相关基因表达的影响。鱼种被分配到六个饮食组：FM 和 FO (G1)、FM 和植物油 (G2)、植物蛋白和植物油 (G3)，以及相同的三个处理，但分别添加了卵磷脂 (G4-G6)。G1 和 G2 中的鱼种显示出比 G3 中的鱼更高的体重（p  > 0.05）。卵磷脂补充剂改善了 ( p  < 0.05) 的生长，特别是在鱼类喂养的植物成分 (G6) 中。喂食不同饮食的鱼表现出显着增加（p < 0.05) 与 G1 相比，血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白浓度。白蛋白浓度在 G3 和 G6 中显着降低。用植物成分部分或完全替代 FO 和 FM，有或没有卵磷脂，显着调节（p  < 0.05）与生长和脂质代谢相关的一些调控基因的表达水平，在补充卵磷脂的鱼中表达水平最高。可以得出结论，用植物成分（植物蛋白和油）完全替代 FM 和 FO 不会显着降低鱼的性能。然而，通过补充卵磷脂，尼罗罗非鱼可以有效地利用这种植物性饮食，这反映在生长速度加快。