This paper examines the incentives of firms to bypass the innovation process by not pursuing innovation, focusing specifically on whether FDI enables innovation participation or retards it. This consideration of innovation participation is broader than the impact of FDI on innovation because it captures whether FDI leads to greater concentration in research markets. Using data on more than 50 countries and accounting for possible two-way causality between FDI and non-innovation, our results consistently show that FDI increases the ranks of non-innovators. These spillovers or crowding-out effects of FDI do not seem to have been widely recognized. Another interesting finding is that the main result is sensitive to the size of firms—large firms are less impacted by FDI relative to small and medium firms. Implications for technology policy are discussed.

本文考察了公司通过不追求创新来绕过创新过程的动机，特别关注FDI 是促进创新参与还是阻碍了创新参与。这种考虑创新的参与比的影响更广泛的外国直接投资于创新，因为它抓住了是否FDI带来更大的浓度，研究市场。使用 50 多个国家的数据并考虑FDI和非创新之间可能存在的双向因果关系，我们的结果一致表明FDI增加了非创新者的排名。外国直接投资的这些溢出效应或挤出效应似乎没有得到广泛认可。另一个有趣的发现是，主要结果对公司规模很敏感——与中小型公司相比，大型公司受FDI 的影响较小。讨论了对技术政策的影响。