Specified class II nationally rare species of wild fauna/flora designations were first made in Japan for three species, the Tokyo salamander (Hynobius tokyoensis), golden venus chub (Hemigrammocypris rasborella), and giant water bug (Kirkaldyia deyrolli). These species depend on the shallow water in agroecosystems, secondary forests, and parks. The objective of this paper was to provide an overview of the factors relating to their conservation, which were as follows: (1) the landscape affects significantly on distributions of three species. H. tokyoensis and K. deyrolli both require landscapes in which wetlands and forests connect. While H. rasborella inhabits isolated ponds also, the original habitat is a flood plain where fishes seasonally move temporary pools for spawning. Therefore, channel networks are needed to protect fishes including H. rasborella. (2) Agricultural land infrastructure affects the three species, as dry paddy fields and concrete-lined ditches are unsuitable for them, as well as other aquatic animals. Several construction methods, however, have been trialed to allow fish to live in modernized ditches. (3) K. deyrolli is highly sensitive to pesticides. (4) Mid-summer drainage of paddy fields will threaten populations of H. tokyoensis and K. deyrolli as these paddy fields lose water before these species have completed their metamorphosis. Wet-paddy fields that are not completely dried, postponement of mid-summer drainage, and the installation of diversion ditches, however, could all help to mitigate this issue. (5) The impacts of abandoned cultivation and pond management are significant for these species. (6) Invasive alien species have a significant impact on H. tokyoensis and H. rasborella. (7) Habitat creation and translocation of these species has often been successful. However, the sustainability of the translocated populations is a challenge. When these species are introduced outside their natural habitats, it is thus necessary to consider the ecosystem of the destination area and the genetic background of the target species. I conclude that the combination of biotopes with wildlife-friendly farming and continuity of paddy fields with forests throughout the landscape secure the population sustainability.

国家级珍稀野生动植物指定II类首先在日本被指定为三个物种，东京蝾螈（Hynobius tokyoensis）、金鲢（Hemigrammocypris rasborella）和巨蝾螈（Kirkaldyia deyrolli）。这些物种依赖于农业生态系统、次生林和公园的浅水区。本文的目的是概述与它们的保护有关的因素，如下所示：（1）景观对三种物种的分布有显着影响。H. tokyoensis和K. deyrolli都需要湿地和森林相连的景观。虽然H. rasborella也栖息在孤立的池塘中，原始栖息地是一个洪泛平原，鱼类季节性地移动临时水池进行产卵。因此，需要渠道网络来保护包括H. rasborella在内的鱼类。(2) 农业用地基础设施影响这三个物种，干旱的稻田和混凝土衬砌的沟渠不适合它们以及其他水生动物。然而，已经尝试了几种建造方法来让鱼生活在现代化的沟渠中。(3) K. deyrolli对农药高度敏感。(4) 稻田盛夏排水将威胁到H. tokyoensis和K. deyrolli种群因为这些稻田在这些物种完成变态之前就失去了水分。然而，未完全干燥的湿稻田、推迟仲夏排水以及设置导流沟，都有助于缓解这一问题。(5) 废弃养殖和池塘管理对这些物种的影响很大。(6) 外来入侵物种对H. tokyoensis和H. rasborella有显着影响. (7) 这些物种的栖息地创造和迁移通常是成功的。然而，易地种群的可持续性是一个挑战。当这些物种被引入其自然栖息地之外时，因此有必要考虑目的地地区的生态系统和目标物种的遗传背景。我的结论是，生物群落与野生动物友好型农业的结合以及整个景观中稻田与森林的连续性确保了人口的可持续性。