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Presence of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers in hyporheic zone alters colonization patterns and seasonal dynamics of biofilm metabolic functioning
Water Research ( IF 12.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117455
Tjaša Matjašič 1 , Tatjana Simčič 2 , Tjaša Kanduč 3 , Zoran Samardžija 3 , Nataša Mori 2
Affiliation  

Worldwide, the production of plastics is increasing, and plastic pollution in aquatic environments is a major global concern. Under natural conditions, plastic weathers to smaller pieces called microplastics (MP), which come in various shapes, with fibers often being the most common in freshwater sediments. The hyporheic zone, an ecotone between surface and groundwater, is important for the transport and fate of all MP particles. The main metabolic pathways in rivers take place in the hyporheic zone and are driven by a diverse microbial community. The objective of this study was to investigate in situ whether the presence of PET fibers in riverbed sediments affects patterns of colonization and the seasonal dynamics of microbial metabolic activities in the hyporheic zone. The effects of the presence of PET on microbial metabolism were evaluated in situ over a month (colonization study) and over a year (seasonal study) by measuring total protein content (TPC), and microbial respiration as respiratory electron transport system activity (ETSA) and by community-level physiological profiling (CLPP). Additionally, PET fibers were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and isotopic analysis (δ13C) of PET was performed after one year of exposure to field conditions. The findings demonstrated that during colonization and biofilm formation, and also over the seasons, the date had a large and significant impact on biofilm growth and activity, while PET presence slightly suppressed microbial biomass (TPC) and respiratory activity (ETSA). Overall microbial activity was repressed in the presence of PET fibers but there was a higher capacity for the utilization of complex synthetic polymer substrates (i.e., Tween 40) which have previously been linked to polluted environments. SEM micrographs showed diverse microbial communities adhering to PET fibers but little surface deterioration. Similarly, isotopic analysis suggested little deterioration of PET fibers after one year of in situ conditions. The study indicated that PET fibers present in riverbed sediments could have impacts on the metabolic functioning in rivers and thus affect their self-cleaning ability.



中文翻译:

低流区中聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET) 纤维的存在改变了生物膜代谢功能的定植模式和季节性动态

在世界范围内,塑料的生产正在增加,水生环境中的塑料污染是全球关注的主要问题。在自然条件下,塑料会风化成称为微塑料 (MP) 的小块,它们有各种形状,其中纤维通常是淡水沉积物中最常见的。潜流带是地表水和地下水之间的交错带,对所有 MP 颗粒的运输和归宿都很重要。河流中的主要代谢途径发生在低流带,并由多样化的微生物群落驱动。本研究的目的是在原位调查PET 纤维在河床沉积物中的存在是否会影响定殖模式和低流带微生物代谢活动的季节性动态。通过测量总蛋白含量 (TPC) 和作为呼吸电子传递系统活动 (ETSA) 的微生物呼吸,在一个月内(定植研究)和一年内(季节性研究)原位评估了 PET 的存在对微生物代谢的影响并通过社区级生理分析(CLPP)。此外,在扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和同位素分析 ( δ 13C) PET 是在暴露于现场条件一年后进行的。研究结果表明,在定植和生物膜形成过程中,以及在整个季节中,日期对生物膜生长和活动有巨大而显着的影响,而 PET 的存在略微抑制了微生物生物量 (TPC) 和呼吸活动 (ETSA)。在存在 PET 纤维的情况下,整体微生物活动受到抑制,但利用复杂的合成聚合物基材(即吐温 40)的能力更高,这些基材以前与污染环境有关。SEM 显微照片显示不同的微生物群落粘附在 PET 纤维上,但表面几乎没有退化。同样,同位素分析表明 PET 纤维在原位放置一年后几乎没有退化状况。研究表明,河床沉积物中存在的 PET 纤维可能会影响河流的代谢功能,从而影响其自洁能力。

更新日期:2021-08-07
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