The lifetime of bubbles, from formation to rupture, attracts attention because bubbles are often present in natural and industrial processes, and their geometry, drainage, coarsening, and rupture strongly affect those operations. Bubble rupture happens rapidly, and it may generate a cascade of small droplets or bubbles. Once a hole is nucleated within a bubble, it opens up with a variety of shapes and velocities depending on the liquid properties. A range of bubble rupture modes are reported in literature in which the reduction of a surface energy drives the rupture against inertial and viscous forces. The role of surface viscoelasticity of the liquid film in this colorful scenario is, however, still unknown. We found that the presence of interfacial viscoelasticity has a profound effect in the bubble bursting dynamics. Indeed, we observed different bubble bursting mechanisms upon the transition from viscous-controlled to surface viscoelasticity-controlled rupture. When this transition occurs, a bursting bubble resembling the blooming of a flower is observed. A simple modeling argument is proposed, leading to the prediction of the characteristic length scales and the number and shape of the bubble flower petals, thus paving the way for the control of liquid formulations with surface viscoelasticity as a key ingredient. These findings can have important implications in the study of bubble dynamics, with consequences for the numerous processes involving bubble rupture. Bubble flowering can indeed impact phenomena such as the spreading of nutrients in nature or the life of cells in bioreactors.

气泡从形成到破裂的生命周期备受关注，因为气泡经常存在于自然和工业过程中，其几何形状、排水、粗化和破裂会强烈影响这些操作。气泡破裂发生得很快，它可能会产生一连串的小液滴或气泡。一旦一个孔在气泡内成核，它就会根据液体特性以各种形状和速度打开。文献中报道了一系列气泡破裂模式，其中表面能的降低驱动了抵抗惯性力和粘性力的破裂。然而，在这种丰富多彩的场景中，液膜的表面粘弹性的作用仍然未知。我们发现界面粘弹性的存在对泡沫破灭动力学具有深远的影响。的确，我们在从粘性控制到表面粘弹性控制的破裂转变时观察到了不同的气泡破裂机制。当这种转变发生时，会观察到类似于花朵盛开的破裂气泡。提出了一个简单的建模论证，从而预测了特征长度尺度以及气泡花瓣的数量和形状，从而为控制以表面粘弹性为关键成分的液体制剂铺平了道路。这些发现对气泡动力学的研究具有重要意义，并对涉及气泡破裂的众多过程产生影响。气泡开花确实会影响诸如自然界中营养物质的传播或生物反应器中细胞的生命等现象。