The cold and arid mountains and plateaus of High Asia, inhabited by a relatively sparse human population, a high density of livestock, and wildlife such as the iconic snow leopard Panthera uncia, are usually considered low risk for disease outbreaks. However, based on current knowledge about drivers of disease emergence, we show that High Asia is rapidly developing conditions that favor increased emergence of infectious diseases and zoonoses. This is because of the existing prevalence of potentially serious pathogens in the system; intensifying environmental degradation; rapid changes in local ecological, socio-ecological, and socio-economic factors; and global risk intensifiers such as climate change and globalization. To better understand and manage the risks posed by diseases to humans, livestock, and wildlife, there is an urgent need for establishing a disease surveillance system and improving human and animal health care. Public health must be integrated with conservation programs, more ecologically sustainable development efforts and long-term disease surveillance.

中文翻译：

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在快速变化的高亚洲地区，新兴传染病的风险不断增加。

高亚洲寒冷干旱的山区和高原居住着相对稀少的人口、高密度的牲畜和标志性的雪豹 Panthera uncia 等野生动物，通常被认为是疾病爆发的低风险。然而，根据目前关于疾病出现驱动因素的知识，我们表明高亚洲地区正在迅速发展有利于传染病和人畜共患病增加出现的条件。这是因为系统中存在潜在严重病原体的流行；加剧环境退化；当地生态、社会生态和社会经济因素的快速变化；以及气候变化和全球化等全球风险加剧因素。为了更好地了解和管理疾病对人类、牲畜和野生动物造成的风险，迫切需要建立疾病监测系统并改善人类和动物保健。公共卫生必须与保护计划、更具生态可持续性的发展努力和长期疾病监测相结合。