Despite being multifaceted in nature, positive emotional (PE) experiences often are studied using only global PE ratings, and measures assessing more specific PE facets do not converge in their assessment approaches. To address these issues, we examined hierarchical factor structures of ratings of positive emotionality, which reflect propensities toward experiencing PE, in both online community adult (N = 375) and undergraduate (N = 447) samples. Preregistered analyses indicated (a) a broad distinction between tendencies to experience social affection and other PE types, and that (b) PE ratings can be differentiated by as many as four replicable factors of Joviality, Social Affection, Serenity, and Attentiveness. These PE dimensions were associated with distinct personality and psychopathology profiles. Examples of these distinctive associations included Joviality displaying robust positive associations with grandiosity and exhibitionism; conversely, although Social Affection and Joviality were strongly correlated, Social Affection showed associations in the opposite direction with grandiosity and exhibitionism. Other notable results include Serenity (e.g., feeling relaxed) showing negative associations with negative emotionality at a magnitude indicating that Serenity may reflect low levels of negative emotionality to a considerable degree. Collectively, these results highlight the need to consider distinct PE facets in addition to global PE ratings when assessing PE, as important nuance may be lost otherwise. Furthermore, our results indicate the need for additional research clarifying PE structure at different levels of abstraction to inform future measure development efforts and assessment approaches. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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告知积极情绪体验的分类和评估：分层积极情绪模型的多样本检查。

尽管积极情绪 (PE) 体验本质上是多方面的，但通常仅使用全球 PE 评级来研究，并且评估更具体 PE 方面的措施在其评估方法中并不收敛。为了解决这些问题，我们研究了在线社区成人 (N = 375) 和本科生 (N = 447) 样本中积极情绪评级的分层因素结构，这反映了经历 PE 的倾向。预先注册的分析表明（a）体验社交情感和其他体育类型的倾向之间存在广泛区别，并且（b）体育评级可以通过多达四个可复制的因素来区分：快乐、社交情感、平静和专注。这些 PE 维度与独特的个性和精神病理学特征相关。这些独特关联的例子包括：快乐与浮夸和暴露狂表现出强烈的积极关联；相反，虽然社交情感和快乐密切相关，但社交情感却与浮夸和暴露癖呈现相反的关联。其他值得注意的结果包括平静（例如，感到放松）显示出与负面情绪的负面关联，其程度表明平静可能在相当程度上反映了低水平的负面情绪。总的来说，这些结果凸显了在评估 PE 时除了全球 PE 评级之外还需要考虑不同的 PE 方面，否则可能会丢失重要的细微差别。此外，我们的结果表明需要进行额外的研究来阐明不同抽象级别的 PE 结构，以便为未来的衡量开发工作和评估方法提供信息。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。