OBJECTIVE The Ethnic Identity Scale (EIS) was developed to distinguish between process and content components of ethnic-racial identity (ERI). However, the affirmation subscale is composed entirely of negatively worded items, measuring negative feelings about one's ethnic-racial group, rather than positive feelings as widely conceptualized. Addressing this gap, the present study examined the psychometric validity of a revised EIS with positively and negatively worded items to determine whether affirmation is best represented as a unidimensional construct, a bidimensional construct, or a combination of the two. METHOD The sample consisted of 280 college students (75.5% female; Mage = 20.95 years; SD = 1.98 years). The largest ethnic-racial group consisted of Black or African Americans (68.2%), followed by Asian/Asian Americans (12.1%), Hispanic/Latinos (9.6%), and other ethnic-racial groups (10%). RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence for both unidimensionality and multidimensionality. Indeed, although positively worded and negatively worded items of "affirmation" loaded onto a general factor representing affirmation, there was still a significant amount of variance captured by the negative ERI affect specific factor, indicating the presence of multidimensionality. In addition, results indicated that negative ERI affect, over and above the general ERI affirmation factor, predicted psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS The present study expands our understanding of the multidimensionality of ERI, highlighting the need for examination of how we measure ERI affect at the very least, and possibly how we conceptualize it within the broader ERI literature. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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种族认同量表：肯定，真的吗？

目的 民族认同量表 (EIS) 的开发是为了区分民族种族认同 (ERI) 的过程和内容组成部分。然而，肯定分量表完全由负面措辞的项目组成，衡量的是对一个人的民族的负面感受，而不是广泛概念化的积极感受。为了解决这一差距，本研究检查了修订后的 EIS 的心理测量有效性，其中包含积极和消极措辞的项目，以确定肯定是否最好表示为一维结构、二维结构或两者的组合。方法 样本由 280 名大学生组成（75.5% 为女性；Mage = 20.95 岁；SD = 1.98 岁）。最大的民族群体由黑人或非裔美国人 (68.2%) 组成，其次是亚裔/亚裔美国人 (12.1%)、西班牙裔/拉丁裔群体 (9.6%) 和其他民族群体 (10%)。结果验证性因素分析为单维性和多维性提供了证据。事实上，虽然积极措辞和消极措辞的“肯定”项目被加载到代表肯定的一般因素上，但消极 ERI 影响特定因素仍然存在大量差异，表明多维性的存在。此外，结果表明，负 ERI 影响比一般 ERI 肯定因素更能预测社会心理功能。结论 本研究扩展了我们对 ERI 多维性的理解，强调需要检查我们至少如何衡量 ERI 影响，以及我们如何在更广泛的 ERI 文献中对其进行概念化。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。