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Molecular Evolution of Tooth-Related Genes Provides New Insights into Dietary Adaptations of Mammals
Journal of Molecular Evolution ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-21 , DOI: 10.1007/s00239-021-10017-1
Yuan Mu 1 , Ran Tian 1 , Linlin Xiao 1 , Di Sun 1 , Zepeng Zhang 1 , Shixia Xu 1 , Guang Yang 1
Affiliation  

Mammals have evolved different tooth phenotypes that are hypothesized to be associated with feeding habits. However, the genetic basis for the linkage has not been well explored. In this study, we investigated 13 tooth-related genes, including seven enamel-related genes (AMELX, AMBN, ENAM, AMTN, ODAM, KLK4 and MMP20) and six dentin-related genes (DSPP, COL1A1, DMP1, IBSP, MEPE and SPP1), from 63 mammals to determine their evolutionary history. Our results showed that different evolutionary histories have evolved among divergent feeding habits in mammals. There was stronger positive selection for eight genes (ENAM, AMTN, ODAM, KLK4, DSPP, DMP1, COL1A1, MEPE) in herbivore lineages. In addition, AMELX, AMBN, ENAM, AMTN, MMP20 and COL1A1 underwent accelerated evolution in herbivores. While relatively strong positive selection was detected in IBSP, SPP1, and DSPP, accelerated evolution was only detected for MEPE and SPP1 genes among the carnivorous lineages. We found positive selection on AMBN and ENAM genes for omnivorous primates in the catarrhini clade. Interestingly, a significantly positive association between the evolutionary rate of ENAM, ODAM, KLK4, MMP20 and the average enamel thickness was found in primates. Additionally, we found molecular convergence in some amino acid sites of tooth-related genes among the lineages whose feeding habit are similar. The positive selection of related genes might promote the formation and bio-mineralization of tooth enamel and dentin, which would make the tooth structure stronger. Our results revealed that mammalian tooth-related genes have experienced variable evolutionary histories, which provide some new insights into the molecular basis of dietary adaptation in mammals.



中文翻译:

牙齿相关基因的分子进化为哺乳动物的饮食适应提供了新的见解

哺乳动物进化出不同的牙齿表型,假设这些表型与进食习惯有关。然而,这种连锁的遗传基础尚未得到很好的探索。本研究中,我们研究了13个牙齿相关基因,包括7个牙釉质相关基因(AMELXAMBNENAMAMTNODAMKLK4MMP20)和6个牙本质相关基因(DSPPCOL1A1DMP1IBSPMEPESPP1),从 63 种哺乳动物中确定它们的进化史。我们的结果表明,不同的进化历史在哺乳动物不同的摄食习惯中进化。有人支持8个基因较强的正选择(ENAMAMTNODAMKLK4DSPPDMP1COL1A1MEPE)在草食动物谱系。此外,AMELXAMBNENAMAMTNMMP20COL1A1在食草动物中经历了加速进化。虽然在IBSP中检测到相对较强的正选择SPP1DSPP,仅在肉食性谱系中检测到MEPESPP1基因的加速进化。我们发现对卡他林进化枝中杂食性灵长类动物的AMBNENAM基因进行正选择。有趣的是,ENAMODAMKLK4MMP20的进化速率之间存在显着正相关在灵长类动物中发现了平均牙釉质厚度。此外,我们发现饮食习惯相似的谱系中牙齿相关基因的一些氨基酸位点的分子收敛。相关基因的阳性选择可能促进牙釉质和牙本质的形成和生物矿化,使牙齿结构更坚固。我们的研究结果表明,哺乳动物牙齿相关基因经历了不同的进化历史,这为哺乳动物饮食适应的分子基础提供了一些新的见解。

更新日期:2021-07-22
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