Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) document the dispensing of prescription medications that are designated as controlled substances by federal and state authorities. Previous research using state-operated PDMPs have typically evaluated epidemiological and/or health-related outcomes associated with use of controlled substances; however, PDMPs are accessed, used and impact on a variety of law enforcement applications. As such, there is potential for PDMPs as a research vehicle for the evaluation of programs and policies to capture controlled substance trends and outcomes that are more relevant for criminology. We propose extensions of the epidemiological-criminology framework to identify and classify potential PDMP research opportunities into five non-mutually exclusive categories: 1) effects on public health and safety outcomes, 2) data use for evaluation of criminology-explicit outcomes, 3) data use for emerging epidemiological-criminology applications, 4) data triangulation and integration, and 5) surveillance of “ecosystem” interactions. Applications and a review of relevant published literature are discussed for each of these categories in the context of highlighting opportunities for criminologists to increase research on PDMPs. Multi-disciplinary research partnerships are recommended to develop more robust study designs and to rigorously interpret and apply findings as reported from studies that use PDMP data.

处方药监测计划 (PDMP) 记录被联邦和州当局指定为受控物质的处方药的分配。以前使用国家运营的 PDMP 进行的研究通常评估了与使用受控物质相关的流行病学和/或健康相关结果；然而，PDMP 会被访问、使用并影响各种执法应用程序。因此，PDMP 有可能成为评估计划和政策的研究工具，以捕捉与犯罪学更相关的受控物质趋势和结果。我们建议扩展流行病学-犯罪学框架，以识别潜在的 PDMP 研究机会并将其分类为五个非相互排斥的类别：1) 对公共健康和安全结果的影响，2) 用于评估犯罪学明确结果的数据，3) 用于新兴流行病学犯罪学应用的数据，4) 数据三角测量和整合，以及 5) 监测“生态系统”相互作用。在强调犯罪学家增加对 PDMP 研究的机会的背景下，讨论了每个类别的应用和相关已发表文献的评论。建议建立多学科研究合作伙伴关系，以开发更可靠的研究设计，并严格解释和应用使用 PDMP 数据的研究报告的结果。在强调犯罪学家增加对 PDMP 研究的机会的背景下，讨论了每个类别的应用和相关已发表文献的评论。建议建立多学科研究伙伴关系，以开发更可靠的研究设计，并严格解释和应用使用 PDMP 数据的研究报告的结果。在强调犯罪学家增加对 PDMP 研究的机会的背景下，讨论了每个类别的应用和相关已发表文献的评论。建议建立多学科研究合作伙伴关系，以开发更可靠的研究设计，并严格解释和应用使用 PDMP 数据的研究报告的结果。