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Does social capital flatten the social gradient in early childhood development? An ecological study of two provinces in Canada
Social Indicators Research ( IF 2.935 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-22 , DOI: 10.1007/s11205-021-02753-0
Anita Minh 1, 2 , Lisa Ritland 1 , Barry Forer 1 , Monique Gagné 1 , Magdalena Janus 1, 3 , Martin Guhn 1 , Nazeem Muhajarine 4 , Simon Webb 3 , Eric Duku 3 , Marni Brownell 5
Affiliation  

Social capital is thought to buffer the negative effects of low income on health and thereby flatten the social gradient. Child development research on social capital has suggested that social networks of adults and children in a neighborhood may play a protective role in children’s outcomes. Yet little is known about how this relationship applies to diverse developmental outcomes in early childhood. This study examines whether the presence of role model adults and the willingness of neighbors to help keep children safe moderates the relationship between neighborhood income and five developmental outcomes for children in kindergarten: (1) physical health and well-being, (2) social competence, (3) emotional maturity, (4) language and cognitive development, and (5) communication and general knowledge. We linked neighborhood-level data on child development from two Canadian provinces, British Columbia (BC, n = 100) and Ontario (n = 482), to neighborhood-level data on social capital from the Ontario Kindergarten Parent Survey, and the BC Social Capital Study; and income data from the 2006 Canadian Census. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the main and interaction effects of social capital and income in relation to child development outcomes. In Ontario, higher levels of social capital were associated with better child outcomes on all five developmental domains. Similar trends were observed in BC. Higher levels of social capital flattened the income gradient in language and cognitive development in both provinces, and social competence in Ontario. Implications for research and practice are discussed.



中文翻译:

社会资本是否会拉平儿童早期发展的社会梯度?加拿大两省的生态研究

社会资本被认为可以缓冲低收入对健康的负面影响,从而拉平社会梯度。关于社会资本的儿童发展研究表明,邻里成人和儿童的社交网络可能对儿童的结果起到保护作用。然而,人们对这种关系如何适用于幼儿期的各种发展结果知之甚少。本研究考察了成人榜样的存在和邻居帮助保护儿童安全的意愿是否会调节邻居收入与幼儿园儿童的五个发展成果之间的关系:(1)身体健康和幸福感,(2)社交能力, (3) 情绪成熟,(4) 语言和认知发展,以及 (5) 沟通和一般知识。我们将来自加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省(BC,n = 100)和安大略省(n = 482)这两个加拿大省的社区级儿童发展数据与安大略省幼儿园家长调查和 BC Social资本研究;和 2006 年加拿大人口普查的收入数据。进行多元回归分析以检查社会资本和收入对儿童发展结果的主要影响和相互作用。在安大略省,社会资本水平越高,儿童在所有五个发展领域的成绩都越好。在 BC 也观察到了类似的趋势。较高水平的社会资本使两个省的语言和认知发展以及安大略省的社会能力的收入梯度趋于平缓。讨论了对研究和实践的影响。

更新日期:2021-07-22
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