ABSTRACT

The complexity of the Kaikōura earthquake rupture and tsunami generation presented a unique opportunity to examine and learn from a modern event. This paper reviews how the five years of research following the Kaikōura tsunami have improved our understanding of the event and our knowledge of tsunami science across a range of disciplines. Teams of researchers and practitioners across disciplines of tsunami hazard modelling, palaeotsunami, risk and impact science, early warning, and emergency management learned from the event to calibrate models, enhance proxies for interpreting palaeotsunami deposits, and improve disaster risk readiness, reduction and response measures. While new scientific knowledge has been developed about the co-seismic hazard and risk facing Aotearoa-New Zealand, fundamental questions nonetheless remain about tsunami-generating sources and the likely return period for high impact events in Aotearoa-New Zealand. Further scientific endeavour is needed to investigate the onshore and offshore geological records to help improve understanding of tsunami hazard and history to underpin risk and impact assessments informing more effective disaster risk management. Lessons also emphasise a need for more effective partnership, participation, education, and engagement to increase local community capacity and capability to respond to local source tsunami events.

摘要

凯库拉地震破裂和海啸发生的复杂性提供了一个独特的机会来审视现代事件并从中吸取教训。本文回顾了凯库拉海啸后五年的研究如何提高了我们对事件的理解以及我们对跨学科海啸科学的了解。海啸灾害建模、古海啸、风险和影响科学、早期预警和应急管理等学科的研究人员和从业人员团队从这次事件中吸取教训，以校准模型，增强解释古海啸沉积物的代理，并改进灾害风险准备、减少和应对措施. 虽然已经开发了关于新西兰 Aotearoa 面临的同震灾害和风险的新科学知识，尽管如此，关于海啸产生源和新西兰 Aotearoa 高影响事件的可能重现期的基本问题仍然存在。需要进一步的科学努力来调查陆上和海上的地质记录，以帮助提高对海啸灾害和历史的了解，以支持风险和影响评估，从而为更有效的灾害风险管理提供信息。经验教训还强调需要更有效的伙伴关系、参与、教育和参与，以提高当地社区应对当地源头海啸事件的能力和能力。需要进一步的科学努力来调查陆上和海上的地质记录，以帮助提高对海啸灾害和历史的了解，以支持风险和影响评估，从而为更有效的灾害风险管理提供信息。经验教训还强调需要更有效的伙伴关系、参与、教育和参与，以提高当地社区应对当地源头海啸事件的能力和能力。需要进一步的科学努力来调查陆上和海上的地质记录，以帮助提高对海啸灾害和历史的了解，以支持风险和影响评估，从而为更有效的灾害风险管理提供信息。经验教训还强调需要更有效的伙伴关系、参与、教育和参与，以提高当地社区应对当地源头海啸事件的能力和能力。