The effects of stress and parenting on 1-year trajectories of physiological emotion regulation capacity among adolescents were examined. Consistent with the vulnerability-stress and allostatic load models, stress (chronic family and marital) was hypothesized to be associated with less favorable trajectories of basal respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) over 1 year. This relationship was further hypothesized to be moderated by parenting practices (warmth, neglect, and rejection) and adolescent sex. Participants included 150 adolescents (51.3% female), 11–15 years of age (M = 13.04, SD = 0.89). Basal RSA and stress were assessed four times across 1 year. Results indicated a significant decrease in RSA over the course of 1 year (β = −0.15, p = .010). Warm parenting style was associated with lower RSA in environments of low marital stress and was also related with higher RSA in environments of high marital stress (β = 0.86, p = .021). Rejecting parenting styles were associated with higher RSA in environments of low family stress and lower RSA in environments of high family stress (β = −0.60, p = .014). These findings may be explained by the Yerkes–Dodson law of optimal stress, suggesting that sufficient environmental challenge is needed to catalyze regulatory development.

中文翻译：

---

压力和养育对青春期早期呼吸窦性心律失常轨迹的影响

研究了压力和养育对青少年生理情绪调节能力 1 年轨迹的影响。与脆弱性压力和异位负荷模型一致，假设压力（慢性家庭和婚姻）与 1 年内不太有利的基础呼吸性窦性心律失常 (RSA) 轨迹相关。进一步假设这种关系受到育儿实践（温暖、忽视和拒绝）和青少年性行为的调节。参与者包括 150 名青少年（51.3% 为女性），年龄在 11-15 岁之间（M  = 13.04，SD  = 0.89）。基础 RSA 和压力在 1 年内评估了四次。结果表明 RSA 在 1 年内显着下降（β = -0.15，p = .010)。温暖的养育方式与低婚姻压力环境中较低的 RSA 相关，也与高婚姻压力环境中的较高 RSA 相关（β = 0.86，p  = .021）。拒绝养育方式与家庭压力较低的环境中较高的 RSA 和家庭压力较高的环境中较低的 RSA 相关（β = -0.60，p  = .014）。这些发现可以用 Yerkes-Dodson 最佳压力定律来解释，这表明需要足够的环境挑战来促进监管的发展。