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Life-history trade-offs, density, lay date—not personality—explain multibroodedness in great tits
Behavioral Ecology ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-18 , DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab068
Sarah Senécal 1, 2, 3 , Alexia Mouchet 4 , Niels J Dingemanse 4
Affiliation  

In various taxa, multibroodedness is a common breeding strategy. Life-history theory predicts that individuals can increase fitness by producing multiple broods within a season. Despite the apparent increase in the number of offspring parents might produce per season, not all individuals are multibrooded, suggesting a trade-off. We studied ecological and behavioral factors influencing the initiation of second clutches in great tits (Parus major), an optionally multibrooded bird species, by distinguishing two types of clutches: replacement versus true second clutches, produced after failure versus successful first breeding attempts, respectively. We predicted which lay date, density, and investment in first clutches would decrease the probability of initiating a second clutch, but which faster exploring behavioral types with a faster pace-of-life would be more likely to be multibrooded. The probability of initiating true second clutches varied negatively within-individuals with lay date and breeding density. The initiation of replacement clutches instead varied negatively among-individuals with lay date and density, suggesting nonrandom settlement of behavioral types across environments. Individuals were less likely to be multibrooded when producing many offspring from their first clutch, suggesting within-year reproductive trade-offs, similar to previous studies. No previous research has linked personality to multibroodedness; here we show which neither the repeatable nor the plastic part of an individual’s exploratory behavior predicted multibroodedness. We confirmed our prediction which the resolution of trade-offs may occur either at the within- or among-individual level. Our research contributes to the understanding of life-history evolution in the wild by studying the mechanisms shaping multibroodedness within seasons.

中文翻译:

生活史权衡、密度、产卵期——而不是个性——解释了大山雀的多重性

在各种分类群中,多育是一种常见的育种策略。生活史理论预测,个体可以通过在一个季节内产生多个后代来增加健康。尽管每个季节可能产生的后代父母数量明显增加,但并非所有个体都是多胎的,这表明需要权衡取舍。我们通过区分两种类型的离合器:分别在失败和成功的第一次繁殖尝试后产生的替换与真正的第二离合器,研究了影响大山雀(Parus major)第二离合器启动的生态和行为因素,这是一种可选的多育鸟类。我们预测了在第一个离合器上的铺设日期、密度和投资会降低启动第二个离合器的概率,但是,以更快的生活节奏更快地探索行为类型的可能性更大。开始真正的第二个离合器的概率在个体内部随产卵日期和繁殖密度而负变化。相反,更换离合器的开始在具有产卵日期和密度的个体之间呈负变化,这表明行为类型在环境中的非随机解决。与之前的研究类似,当从第一次离合器中产生许多后代时,个体不太可能被多育,这表明在一年内进行生殖权衡。以前没有研究将个性与多愁善感联系起来;在这里,我们展示了个人探索行为的可重复部分和可塑性部分都不能预测多重性。我们证实了我们的预测,即权衡的解决可能发生在个体内部或个体之间。我们的研究通过研究在季节内形成多巢的机制,有助于理解野外生活史的进化。
更新日期:2021-05-18
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