Gynecologic cancer, starting in the reproductive organs of the females, includes cancers of cervical, endometrial, ovary commonly and vaginal and vulvar cancers rarely. The changes in the composition of microbiome in gut and vagina affect immune and metabolic signaling of the host cells resulting in chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, genome instability, epithelial barrier breach and metabolic dysregulation that may lead to the onset or aggravated progression of gynecologic cancers.

While microbiome in gynecologic cancers is just at horizon, certain significant microbiome signature associations have been found. Cervical cancer is accompanied with high loads of human papillomavirus, Fusobacteria and Sneathia species; endometrial cancer is reported to have presence of Atopobium vaginae and Porphyromonas species and significantly elevated levels of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes phylum bacteria, with Chlamydia trachomatis, Lactobacillus and Mycobacterium reported in ovarian cancer.

Balancing microbiome composition in gynecologic cancers has the potential to be used as a therapeutic target. For example, the Lactobacillus species may play an important role in blocking adhesions of incursive pathogens to vaginal epithelium by lowering the pH, producing bacteriocins and employing competitive exclusions. The optimum or personalized balance of the microbiota can be maintained using pre- and probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantations loaded with specific bacteria. Current evidence strongly suggest that a healthy microbiome can train and trigger the body's immune response to attack various gynecologic cancers. Furthermore, microbiome modulation can potentially contribute to improvements in immuno-oncology therapies.

妇科癌症起源于女性的生殖器官，常见的有宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌，很少见的有阴道癌和外阴癌。肠道和阴道微生物组成的变化影响宿主细胞的免疫和代谢信号，导致慢性炎症、血管生成、细胞增殖、基因组不稳定、上皮屏障破坏和代谢失调，可能导致妇科疾病的发作或加重。癌症。

虽然妇科癌症中的微生物组刚刚起步，但已经发现了某些重要的微生物组特征关联。宫颈癌伴有高载量的人乳头瘤病毒、梭杆菌和斯内亚菌属；据报道，子宫内膜癌存在Atopobium v​​aginae和Porphyromonas物种，变形杆菌和Firmicutes门细菌水平显着升高，沙眼衣原体、乳酸杆菌和分枝杆菌在卵巢癌中有报道。

平衡妇科癌症中的微生物组组成有可能用作治疗靶点。例如，乳杆菌属可能通过降低 pH 值、产生细菌素和采用竞争性排斥，在阻止侵入性病原体粘附到阴道上皮细胞方面发挥重要作用。使用益生菌和益生菌，以及装载特定细菌的粪便微生物群移植，可以维持微生物群的最佳或个性化平衡。目前的证据强烈表明，健康的微生物组可以训练和触发人体的免疫反应来攻击各种妇科癌症。此外，微生物组调节可能有助于改善免疫肿瘤治疗。