Many studies have examined associations between neural and behavioral markers of attention to emotion and individual differences in affective functioning. However, the majority of these studies are cross-sectional, and examine associations between brain, behavior, and individual differences at one or two time-points, limiting our understanding of the extent to which these neural responses reflect trait-like patterns of attention. The present study used the Emotional Interrupt paradigm, and examined the stability and trajectory of behavioral (i.e., reaction time to targets following task-irrelevant appetitive, neutral, and aversive images), and neural responses to images (i.e., the late positive potential or LPP), across five sessions separated by one week in 86 individuals. Additionally, we examined the extent to which the LPP and behavioral measures were sensitive to naturally occurring daily fluctuations in positive and negative affect. Results indicate that, though the magnitude of the conditional LPP waveforms decreased over time, the degree of emotional modulation (i.e., differentiation of emotional from neutral) did not; in fact, differentiation of appetitive from neutral increased over time. Behavioral responses were similarly stable across sessions. Additionally, we largely did not observe significant effects of state positive and negative affect on the LPP or behavior over time. Finally, the LPP elicited by appetitive images significantly predicted reaction time to targets following these images. These data suggest that neural and behavioral markers of attention to motivationally salient cues may be trait-like in nature, and may be helpful in future studies seeking to identify markers of vulnerability for diverse forms of psychopathology.

中文翻译：

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情绪诱发的晚期正电位在五个测试阶段保持稳定

许多研究已经检查了关注情绪的神经和行为标记与情感功能的个体差异之间的关联。然而，这些研究中的大多数是横断面的，并在一个或两个时间点检查大脑、行为和个体差异之间的关联，从而限制了我们对这些神经反应反映特征样注意力模式的程度的理解。本研究使用情绪中断范式，并检查了行为的稳定性和轨迹（即，在与任务无关的食欲、中性和厌恶图像之后对目标的反应时间）和对图像的神经反应（即晚期正电位或LPP），在 86 个人中进行了 5 次会议，间隔 1 周。此外，我们检查了 LPP 和行为测量对每天自然发生的正面和负面影响波动的敏感程度。结果表明，尽管条件 LPP 波形的幅度随着时间的推移而降低，但情绪调节的程度（即情绪与中性的区别）没有；事实上，食欲与中性的差异随着时间的推移而增加。不同时段的行为反应同样稳定。此外，随着时间的推移，我们基本上没有观察到状态对 LPP 或行为的正面和负面影响的显着影响。最后，由食欲图像引起的 LPP 显着预测了对这些图像后目标的反应时间。这些数据表明，注意动机显着线索的神经和行为标记可能本质上类似于特征，