Ibuprofen as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug can be detected in the aquatic environments all over the world. This study evaluated the effects of ibuprofen on the immune parameters of juvenile grass carp at the concentration in real environments which were determined by detecting its concentrations in the surface water of local rivers. The concentration of ibuprofen ranged from 13.2 to 95.5 ng/L with a mean value of 47.9 ng/L in the surface water of local rivers detected by solid-phase extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Accordingly, juvenile grass carp were exposed to 4.8, 48.0 and 480.0 ng/L of ibuprofen for 14 days. The serum lysozyme activity of these fish decreased, while the serum creatinine levels were not affected after the exposure. Moreover, the mRNA expression of interleukin 6 in the skin and interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the gills was enhanced by this exposure. These results collectively suggest that ibuprofen at environmentally relevant concentration can affect the immune parameters of juvenile grass carp, providing an insight into the possibility of this contaminant to modify the immunostatus of fish.

布洛芬作为一种非甾体抗炎药可以在世界各地的水生环境中检测到。本研究通过检测当地河流地表水中的布洛芬浓度来评估真实环境中布洛芬对幼草鱼免疫参数的影响。通过固相萃取和 LC-MS/MS 分析检测到当地河流地表水中布洛芬的浓度范围为 13.2 至 95.5 ng/L，平均值为 47.9 ng/L。因此，幼草鱼暴露于 4.8、48.0 和 480.0 ng/L 布洛芬 14 天。这些鱼的血清溶菌酶活性降低，而血清肌酐水平在暴露后不受影响。此外，白细胞介素 6的 mRNA 表达这种暴露增强了皮肤中的白细胞介素 1 β和鳃中的肿瘤坏死因子 α。这些结果共同表明，环境相关浓度的布洛芬可以影响幼草鱼的免疫参数，从而深入了解这种污染物改变鱼类免疫状态的可能性。