Centrioles are microtubule-based cylindrical structures that assemble the centrosome and template the formation of cilia. The proximal part of centrioles is associated with the pericentriolar material, a protein scaffold from which microtubules are nucleated. This activity is mediated by the γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) whose central role in centrosomal microtubule organization has been recognized for decades. However, accumulating evidence suggests that γTuRC activity at this organelle is neither restricted to the pericentriolar material nor limited to microtubule nucleation. Instead, γTuRC is found along the entire centriole cylinder, at subdistal appendages, and inside the centriole lumen, where its canonical function as a microtubule nucleator might be supplemented or replaced by a function in microtubule anchoring and centriole stabilization, respectively. In this Opinion, we discuss recent insights into the expanded repertoire of γTuRC activities at centrioles and how distinct subpopulations of γTuRC might act in concert to ensure centrosome and cilia biogenesis and function, ultimately supporting cell proliferation, differentiation and homeostasis. We propose that the classical view of centrosomal γTuRC as a pericentriolar material-associated microtubule nucleator needs to be revised.

中文翻译：

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从尖端到脚趾 - 在 γTuRC 中修整中心粒。

中心粒是基于微管的圆柱形结构，可组装中心体并作为纤毛形成的模板。中心粒的近端部分与中心粒周围材料相关，这是一种蛋白质支架，微管从其中成核。这种活性是由 γ-微管蛋白环复合物 (γTuRC) 介导的，其在中心体微管组织中的核心作用几十年来已得到公认。然而，越来越多的证据表明，该细胞器中的 γTuRC 活性既不限于中心粒周围材料，也不限于微管成核。相反，γTuRC 沿着整个中心粒圆柱体、远端附属物和中心粒腔内被发现，其中，其作为微管成核器的典型功能可能会分别被微管锚定和中心粒稳定功能补充或替代。在本意见中，我们讨论了最近对中心粒 γTuRC 活动扩展库的见解，以及不同的 γTuRC 亚群如何协同作用以确保中心体和纤毛的生物发生和功能，最终支持细胞增殖、分化和体内平衡。我们建议需要修改中心体γTuRC 作为中心周材料相关微管成核器的经典观点。最终支持细胞增殖、分化和体内平衡。我们建议需要修改中心体 γTuRC 作为中心周材料相关微管成核器的经典观点。最终支持细胞增殖、分化和体内平衡。我们建议需要修改中心体 γTuRC 作为中心周材料相关微管成核器的经典观点。