Biofabrication of a complex structure such as ear pinna is not precise with currently available techniques. Auricular deformities (e.g. microtia) can cause physical, social as well as psychological impacts on a patient’s wellbeing. Currently available surgical techniques and transplantation methods have many limitations that can be overcome with the help of 3D bioprinting technology. Printable bioink enriched with cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis was done by digesting goat ear pinna cartilage and polymerized by adding polyvinyl alcohol and gelatine. Rheological analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used for the characterization of bioink to get desired viscosity and polymerization. Human ear pinna was printed using extrusion method and computer-aided design, stereolithography software which facilitated the automated printing in relatively less time without continuous monitoring. Thermal degradation of pinna was checked by thermal gravimetric analysis. Biodegradability and swelling of ear pinna were observed for understanding the nature of pinna and the impact of external factors. Reconstructed pinna’s biocompatibility was proved by in ovo and in vivo studies. The occurrence of angiogenesis in the grafted ear manifested the capacity of proliferation and engraftment of cartilage cells. Histology and SEM analysis revealed the recellularization and the synthesis of ECM components such as glycosaminoglycan and collagen in transplanted 3D printed ear pinna. The expression of CD90+ which indicated newly synthesized cartilage in the transplanted 3D printed ear pinna. The absence expression of CD14+ also indicated acceptance of xenogenic transplanted 3D printed ear pinna. Transplantation of 3D ear pinna was successful in an animal model and can be utilized as tissue engineered ear bank.

用目前可用的技术对复杂结构（如耳廓）进行生物制造并不精确。耳廓畸形（例如小耳畸形）会对患者的健康造成身体、社会和心理影响。目前可用的手术技术和移植方法有许多限制，可以借助 3D 生物打印技术来克服。富含软骨特异性细胞外基质 (ECM) 合成的可打印生物墨水是通过消化山羊耳廓软骨并通过添加聚乙烯醇和明胶聚合而成的。流变分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱用于生物墨水的表征，以获得所需的粘度和聚合。使用挤压方法和计算机辅助设计打印人耳耳廓，立体光刻软件，无需连续监控即可在相对较短的时间内促进自动打印。通过热重分析检查耳廓的热降解。观察耳廓的生物降解性和肿胀情况，以了解耳廓的性质和外部因素的影响。重建耳廓的生物相容性通过卵内和体内研究。移植耳中血管新生的发生，表明了软骨细胞的增殖和移植能力。组织学和 SEM 分析揭示了移植的 3D 打印耳廓中 ECM 成分（如糖胺聚糖和胶原蛋白）的再细胞化和合成。CD90+的表达表明移植的3D打印耳廓中新合成的软骨。CD14+ 的缺失也表明接受了异种移植的 3D 打印耳廓。3D 耳廓移植在动物模型中成功，可用作组织工程耳库。