Nanomedicine has recently experienced unprecedented growth and development. However, the complexity of operations at the nanoscale introduces a layer of difficulty in the clinical translation of nanodrugs and biomedical nanotechnology. This problem is further exacerbated when engineering and optimizing nanomaterials for biomedical purposes. To navigate this issue, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been applied for data analysis and inference, allowing for a more applicable understanding of the complex interaction amongst the abundant variables in a system involving the synthesis or use of nanomedicine. Here, we report on the current relationship and implications of nanomedicine and AI. Particularly, we explore AI as a tool for enabling nanomedicine in the context of nanodrug screening and development, brain–machine interfaces and nanotoxicology. We also report on the current state and future direction of nanomedicine and AI in cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorder therapy.

纳米医学最近经历了前所未有的增长和发展。然而，纳米级操作的复杂性给纳米药物和生物医学纳米技术的临床转化带来了一层困难。当为生物医学目的设计和优化纳米材料时，这个问题会进一步加剧。为了解决这个问题，人工智能 (AI) 算法已被应用于数据分析和推理，从而可以更适用地理解涉及纳米药物合成或使用的系统中丰富变量之间的复杂相互作用。在这里，我们报告了纳米医学和人工智能的当前关系和影响。特别是，我们探索人工智能作为在纳米药物筛选和开发背景下实现纳米医学的工具，脑机接口和纳米毒理学。我们还报告了纳米医学和人工智能在癌症、糖尿病和神经系统疾病治疗中的现状和未来方向。