The pressure compensator is an important equipment of the deep-sea hydraulic system to provide the functions of pressure and volume compensation. In this paper, the structure features and static force analysis of the pressure compensator are studied. The physical model of the pressure compensator is established, and its dynamic characteristics influenced by the ambient pressure, the compensated flow and the temperature change are all analyzed. The entire working process of the pressure compensator is then researched. Therefore, two design criteria for reliability and dynamic characteristics respectively are proposed. A pressure compensator for 6000 m deep in the sea was designed and manufactured. Simulations and high-pressure experiments of the designed pressure compensator were conducted. The results show that the dynamic response of the compensated pressure under each input is all composed of a ramp change, a step change and a damped oscillation. The effective area of the rolling diaphragm, the spring stiffness and the mass of the diaphragm-piston assembly are the key design parameters to ensure the reliability and good dynamic characteristics of the pressure compensator. Simulation and high-pressure experiments verified the volume and pressure compensation function of the pressure compensator in the deep-sea environment.

压力补偿器是深海液压系统中提供压力和容积补偿功能的重要设备。本文研究了压力补偿器的结构特点和静力分析。建立了压力补偿器的物理模型，分析了其受环境压力、补偿流量和温度变化影响的动态特性。然后研究了压力补偿器的整个工作过程。因此，分别提出了可靠性和动态特性的两个设计标准。设计制造了海底6000m的压力补偿器。对设计的压力补偿器进行了模拟和高压实验。结果表明，补偿压力在每个输入下的动态响应均由斜坡变化、阶跃变化和阻尼振荡组成。滚动膜片的有效面积、弹簧刚度和膜片-活塞组件的质量是保证压力补偿器可靠性和良好动态特性的关键设计参数。仿真和高压实验验证了压力补偿器在深海环境下的容积和压力补偿功能。膜片-活塞组件的弹簧刚度和质量是保证压力补偿器可靠性和良好动态特性的关键设计参数。仿真和高压实验验证了压力补偿器在深海环境下的容积和压力补偿功能。膜片-活塞组件的弹簧刚度和质量是保证压力补偿器可靠性和良好动态特性的关键设计参数。仿真和高压实验验证了压力补偿器在深海环境下的容积和压力补偿功能。