Abstract

Objectives:This study investigated the development of German psychotherapy trainees in professional, relational, and personal competence. Methods: The study followed a naturalistic pre–post design over 3 years and included a control group of non-trainee psychologists. The sample consisted of 219 participants, including 64 cognitive–behavioral trainees, 120 psychodynamic trainees and 35 control participants. Outcomes were knowledge (multiple choice exam), case-formulation competence (Case Formulation Content Coding Method), healing and stressful involvement (Therapist Work Involvement Scales), attributional complexity (Attributional Complexity Scale), introject affiliation, and affiliation in patient treatments (Intrex questionnaire). Multilevel Modeling was used to investigate change over time and group by time interactions. Comparisons to the control group were limited to knowledge, case-formulation competence, and attributional complexity. Results: Trainees improved in knowledge, case-formulation competence, healing involvement, and affiliation in treatments with small to medium effects. There was no change in stressful involvement, attributional complexity or introject affiliation. According to reliable change indices, the majority of trainees did not change reliably. Over time, trainees outperformed the control group only in case-formulation competence. There were several main and group by time effects regarding trainee orientation. Conclusions: Results imply benefits of training on professional and relational competence but only limited effects on personal competence.

摘要

目的：本研究调查了德国心理治疗学员在专业、关系和个人能力方面的发展。方法：该研究遵循自然主义的前后设计超过 3 年，并包括一组非实习心理学家。样本由 219 名参与者组成，其中包括 64 名认知行为学员、120 名心理动力学学员和 35 名对照参与者。结果是知识（多项选择考试）、病例表述能力（病例表述内容编码方法）、康复和压力参与（治疗师工作参与量表）、归因复杂性（归因复杂性量表）、introject 隶属关系和患者治疗中的隶属关系（Intrex问卷）。多级建模用于研究随时间的变化和按时间分组的交互。与对照组的比较仅限于知识、案例制定能力和归因复杂性。结果：受训者在知识、病例制定能力、康复参与以及对中小效果治疗的归属感方面有所提高。压力参与、归因复杂性或内摄从属关系没有变化。根据可靠的变化指标，大多数受训者没有可靠地变化。随着时间的推移，受训者仅在案例制定能力方面优于对照组。关于受训者定向，有几个主要的和按时间分组的影响。结论：结果表明培训对专业和关系能力的益处，但对个人能力的影响有限。