Soot particles emitted from the burning of solid fuel sources in the households carry important environmental and public health implications. In this study, the indoor soot particles released from firewood, cow dung, and bagasse burning at households of selected rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan were investigated by characterization analyses to study its morphological and elemental compositions. Results demonstrated diverse compositions of soot particles from each fuel source. The surface areas of soot particles emitted by the firewood, cow dung, and bagasse were about 0.3, 0.4, and 8.64 m² g⁻¹, respectively. For the soot particles emitted by the firewood burning, the major functional groups for aromatic compounds were C═C at the 1,431–1,599 at 1,000–2,000 cm⁻¹. The absorbance rate of alkanes was about 1,599–1,431 at 1,000–2,000 cm⁻¹. However, silicon band vibration was more prominent in bagasse soot particles as compared to other samples. The emission of soot particles with high surface area in the atmosphere could provide an elevated adsorption sites for atmospheric pollution and trap more energy resulting in increased atmospheric temperature. Findings from the present study suggest that current households' fuel combustion practices significantly contribute to increase the particulate matter in the atmosphere and possible enhance climate change phenomenon and related disasters in northern Pakistan.

中文翻译：

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巴基斯坦北部使用表征技术对来自国内燃料能源的室内烟尘颗粒的影响和评估

家庭燃烧固体燃料源所排放的烟尘颗粒对环境和公共健康具有重要影响。在这项研究中，巴基斯坦开伯尔 - 普赫图赫瓦省选定农村地区的家庭燃烧木柴、牛粪和甘蔗渣释放的室内烟尘颗粒通过特征分析进行了研究，以研究其形态和元素组成。结果表明来自每种燃料源的烟灰颗粒的组成各不相同。木柴、牛粪和甘蔗渣排放的烟尘颗粒的表面积分别约为0.3、0.4和8.64 m ²  g ^-1。对于木柴燃烧产生的烟尘颗粒，芳香族化合物的主要官能团是 C=C 在 1,431-1,599 处，在 1,000-2,000 cm^-1。在 1,000-2,000 cm ^-1处，烷烃的吸光率约为 1,599-1,431 。然而，与其他样品相比，甘蔗渣煤烟颗粒中的硅带振动更为突出。大气中具有高表面积的烟尘颗粒的排放可以为大气污染提供更高的吸附位点，并捕获更多的能量，从而导致大气温度升高。本研究的结果表明，当前家庭的燃料燃烧做法显着增加了大气中的颗粒物，并可能加剧巴基斯坦北部的气候变化现象和相关灾害。