In-group members who challenge group norms (hereon “challenger peers”) often are evaluated less positively by their peers compared to those who adhere to group norms. In the present study children (n = 118, M^age = 10.01) and adolescents (n = 132, M^age = 13.32; total n = 269) were inducted into a gender-based group who endorsed an activity norm. Participants evaluated a challenger peer who was either cisgender or transgender. Adolescent girls, compared to girls in childhood, individually evaluated a challenger peer more positively while perceiving their group would be less positive than they themselves would be. In contrast, boys in both childhood and adolescence individually evaluated a challenger peer less positively and believed their group also would. These effects were independent of the challenger peer's gender identity, suggesting that in the context of evaluating a challenger to a stereotypical gender norm, adherence to the norm can take primacy over gender identity.

中文翻译：

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儿童和青少年对挑战自己群体的同伴的评价：性别规范和身份的作用

与遵守团体规范的人相比，挑战团体规范的组内成员（此处称为“挑战者同伴”）通常受到同伴的评价不那么积极。在本研究中，儿童（n  = 118，M^年龄 = 10.01）和青少年（n  = 132，M^年龄 = 13.32；总n = 269) 被引入支持活动规范的基于性别的小组。参与者评估了一个挑战者同伴，他要么是顺性别者，要么是跨性别者。与童年时期的女孩相比，青春期女孩对挑战者同伴的个人评价更积极，而他们认为她们的群体不如自己积极。相比之下，儿童和青春期的男孩对挑战者同伴的评价不那么积极，并相信他们的团队也会如此。这些影响与挑战者同伴的性别认同无关，这表明在评估挑战者是否符合陈规定型的性别规范时，遵守规范可以优先于性别认同。