Conventional transmission expansion planning (TEP) has evolved with the increasing influence of distributed generations (DGs) and electric vehicles (EVs). This increases uncertainty in power systems. On the other hand, reactive power plays a key role in voltage stability, so modeling reactive power planning in TEP is very important. The amount of reactive power is a determining factor regarding the stability of the network voltage and in case of shortage, occurrence of some events may endanger the voltage stability. This research aims at proposing a hybrid TEP and reactive power planning for the first time. Furthermore, the impact of wind, PV power plants, and EVs, as the common sources of uncertainties, are included. The ultimate goal of HTEP-RPP is to find the transmission line candidates that meet the reactive power requirements. The simulation case studies on IEEE 24- and 118- buses confirm that the TEP based on DCPF may lead to some unreliable operating conditions due to violating the voltage constraints. In this case, the HTEP-RPP results, by applying the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), are more comprehensive and effective than the results obtained by gravitational search algorithm (GSA), for the studied problem or even the popular TEP solutions.

中文翻译：

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考虑真实网络不确定性的混合输电扩容规划和无功功率规划

随着分布式发电 (DG) 和电动汽车 (EV) 的影响越来越大，传统的输电扩展规划 (TEP) 也在不断发展。这增加了电力系统的不确定性。另一方面，无功功率在电压稳定性方面起着关键作用，因此在 TEP 中建模无功功率规划非常重要。无功功率的大小是影响电网电压稳定性的决定因素，在出现不足的情况下，一些事件的发生可能会危及电压的稳定性。本研究旨在首次提出混合 TEP 和无功功率规划。此外，风能、光伏电站和电动汽车的影响作为常见的不确定性来源也包括在内。HTEP-RPP 的最终目标是找到满足无功功率要求的输电线路候选。IEEE 24 和 118 总线的仿真案例研究证实，基于 DCPF 的 TEP 可能会由于违反电压限制而导致一些不可靠的操作条件。在这种情况下，对于所研究的问题甚至流行的 TEP 解决方案，HTEP-RPP 结果，通过应用帝国主义竞争算法（ICA），比通过引力搜索算法（GSA）获得的结果更全面和有效。