Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally. Although modern adoption of a sedentary lifestyle coupled with energy-dense nutrition is considered to be the main cause of obesity epidemic, genetic preposition contributes significantly to the imbalanced energy metabolism in obesity. However, the variants of genetic loci identified from large-scale genetic studies do not appear to fully explain the rapid increase in obesity epidemic in the last four to five decades. Recent advancements of next-generation sequencing technologies and studies of tissue-specific effects of epigenetic factors in metabolic organs have significantly advanced our understanding of epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism in obesity. The epigenome, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-mediated processes, is characterized as mitotically or meiotically heritable changes in gene function without alteration of DNA sequence. Importantly, epigenetic modifications are reversible. Therefore, comprehensively understanding the landscape of epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism could unravel novel molecular targets for obesity treatment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications such as methylation and acetylation, and RNA-mediated processes in regulating energy metabolism. We also discuss the effects of lifestyle modifications and therapeutic agents on epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism in obesity.

中文翻译：

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肥胖能量代谢的表观遗传调控

肥胖已在全球范围内达到流行病的程度。尽管现代人采用久坐不动的生活方式加上能量密集的营养被认为是肥胖流行的主要原因，但遗传介词对肥胖的能量代谢失衡有重要影响。然而，从大规模基因研究中发现的基因位点变异似乎并不能完全解释过去四到五年内肥胖流行的迅速增加。新一代测序技术的最新进展和对代谢器官中表观遗传因子的组织特异性影响的研究显着提高了我们对肥胖能量代谢的表观遗传调控的理解。表观基因组，包括 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰和 RNA 介导的过程，被表征为基因功能的有丝分裂或减数分裂可遗传的变化而不改变DNA序列。重要的是，表观遗传修饰是可逆的。因此，全面了解能量代谢的表观遗传调控格局可以揭示肥胖治疗的新分子靶点。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰（如甲基化和乙酰化）以及 RNA 介导的能量代谢调节过程的知识。我们还讨论了生活方式改变和治疗剂对肥胖症能量代谢的表观遗传调控的影响。全面了解能量代谢的表观遗传调控格局可以揭示肥胖治疗的新分子靶点。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰（如甲基化和乙酰化）以及 RNA 介导的能量代谢调节过程的知识。我们还讨论了生活方式改变和治疗剂对肥胖症能量代谢的表观遗传调控的影响。全面了解能量代谢的表观遗传调控格局可以揭示肥胖治疗的新分子靶点。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰（如甲基化和乙酰化）以及 RNA 介导的能量代谢调节过程的知识。我们还讨论了生活方式改变和治疗剂对肥胖症能量代谢的表观遗传调控的影响。