Giovanni da Empoli's second voyage to Asia (1510–1514) was eventful and violent, characterised by the emergence of conflicting agendas among different groups of Portuguese. The Florentine merchant's long letter about the voyage is an extraordinary document, and provides insights in three important areas. First, it allows us to fill some of the gaps in the history of the early phases of Portuguese empire building, questioning the extent to which the Crown was pursuing a clear and coherent strategy that included the conquest of Malacca. Second, it problematises further our conception of “the Portuguese” by reporting episodes of Portuguese-on-Portuguese violence and opposing views on the objectives of Portuguese fleets in the Indian Ocean. Finally, Giovanni unequivocally expresses admiration for the international markets of Eastern city-ports and openly criticises the militarist attitude and lawless tactics of the Portuguese viceroy, Alfonso de Albuquerque, thereby inviting us to reconsider the chronology of a “cosmopolitan reaction” among Italian writers visiting South Asia.

乔瓦尼·达·恩波利 (Giovanni da Empoli) 的第二次亚洲航行（1510-1514 年）是多事的和暴力的，其特点是不同葡萄牙群体之间出现了相互冲突的议程。这位佛罗伦萨商人关于这次航行的长信是一份非凡的文件，提供了三个重要领域的见解。首先，它使我们能够填补葡萄牙帝国建设早期阶段历史上的一些空白，质疑王室在多大程度上推行了包括征服马六甲在内的清晰连贯的战略。其次，它通过报道葡萄牙对葡萄牙的暴力事件和对葡萄牙舰队在印度洋的目标的反对意见，进一步使我们对“葡萄牙人”的概念产生了问题。最后，