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Widespread agrochemicals differentially affect zooplankton biomass and community structure
Ecological Applications ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-21 , DOI: 10.1002/eap.2423
Marie-Pier Hébert 1, 2, 3 , Vincent Fugère 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Beatrix E Beisner 2, 3, 4 , Naíla Barbosa da Costa 2, 6 , Rowan D H Barrett 1, 2, 4, 7 , Graham Bell 1, 4 , B Jesse Shapiro 2, 6, 8 , Viviane Yargeau 9 , Andrew Gonzalez 1, 4 , Gregor F Fussmann 1, 2, 4
Affiliation  

Anthropogenic environmental change is causing habitat deterioration at unprecedented rates in freshwater ecosystems. Despite increasing more rapidly than many other agents of global change, synthetic chemical pollution—including agrochemicals such as pesticides—has received relatively little attention in freshwater community and ecosystem ecology. Determining the combined effects of multiple agrochemicals on complex biological systems remains a major challenge, requiring a cross-field integration of ecology and ecotoxicology. Using a large-scale array of experimental ponds, we investigated the response of zooplankton community properties (biomass, composition, and diversity metrics) to the individual and joint presence of three globally widespread agrochemicals: the herbicide glyphosate, the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid, and nutrient fertilizers. We tracked temporal variation in zooplankton biomass and community structure along single and combined pesticide gradients (each spanning eight levels), under low (mesotrophic) and high (eutrophic) nutrient-enriched conditions, and quantified (1) response threshold concentrations, (2) agrochemical interactions, and (3) community resistance and recovery. We found that the biomass of major zooplankton groups differed in their sensitivity to pesticides: ≥0.3 mg/L glyphosate elicited long-lasting declines in rotifer communities, both pesticides impaired copepods (≥3 µg/L imidacloprid and ≥5.5 mg/L glyphosate), whereas some cladocerans were highly tolerant to pesticide contamination. Strong interactive effects of pesticides were only recorded in ponds treated with the combination of the highest doses. Overall, glyphosate was the most influential driver of aggregate community properties of zooplankton, with biomass and community structure responding rapidly but recovering unequally over time. Total community biomass showed little resistance when first exposed to glyphosate, but rapidly recovered and even increased with glyphosate concentration over time; in contrast, taxon richness decreased in more contaminated ponds but failed to recover. Our results indicate that the biomass of tolerant taxa compensated for the loss of sensitive species after the first exposure, conferring greater community resistance upon a subsequent contamination event; a case of pollution-induced community tolerance in freshwater animals. These findings suggest that zooplankton biomass may be more resilient to agrochemical pollution than community structure; yet all community properties measured in this study were affected at glyphosate concentrations below common water quality guidelines in North America.

中文翻译:

广泛使用的农药对浮游动物生物量和群落结构的影响不同

人为环境变化正在导致淡水生态系统中栖息地以前所未有的速度恶化。尽管比全球变化的许多其他因素增加得更快,合成化学污染——包括农药等农用化学品——在淡水社区和生态系统生态学中受到的关注相对较少。确定多种农用化学品对复杂生物系统的综合影响仍然是一项重大挑战,需要生态学和生态毒理学的跨领域整合。使用大规模的实验池塘阵列,我们研究了浮游动物群落特性(生物量、组成和多样性指标)对三种全球广泛存在的农用化学品的个体和联合存在的响应:除草剂草甘膦、新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉、和营养肥料。我们在低(中营养)和高(富营养)营养丰富的条件下,沿着单一和组合农药梯度(每个跨越八个级别)跟踪浮游动物生物量和群落结构的时间变化,并量化(1)响应阈值浓度,(2)农业化学相互作用,以及 (3) 群落抗性和恢复。我们发现主要浮游动物群的生物量对农药的敏感性不同:≥0.3 mg/L 草甘膦引起轮虫群落的长期下降,两种农药都会损害桡足类(≥3 µg/L 吡虫啉和 ≥5.5 mg/L 草甘膦) ,而一些枝角类动物对农药污染具有高度耐受性。仅在用最高剂量组合处理的池塘中记录到农药的强烈交互作用。总体,草甘膦是浮游动物群落特性最有影响力的驱动因素,生物量和群落结构响应迅速,但随着时间的推移恢复不均。首次接触草甘膦时,总群落生物量几乎没有抵抗力,但随着草甘膦浓度的增加,其迅速恢复甚至增加;相比之下,污染更严重的池塘中的分类群丰富度下降,但未能恢复。我们的结果表明,耐受类群的生物量补偿了第一次暴露后敏感物种的损失,为随后的污染事件赋予了更大的群落抵抗力;淡水动物污染引起的社区耐受性案例。这些发现表明,浮游动物生物量可能比群落结构更能抵御农用化学品污染;
更新日期:2021-07-21
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