(+)-Nootkatone is an important functional sesquiterpene and is comprehensively used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural and food flavor industries. However, (+)-nootkatone is accumulated trace amounts in plants, and the demand for industry is mainly met by chemical methods which is harmful to the environment. The oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes prepared using microbial methods can be considered as “natural.” Microbial transformation has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high efficiency, environmental protection, and strong stereoselectivity, and has become an important method for the production of natural spices. The microbial biosynthesis of (+)-nootkatone from the main precursor (+)-valencene is summarized in this paper. Whole-cell systems of fungi, bacteria, microalgae, and plant cells have been employed. It was described that the enzymes involved in the microbial biosynthesis of (+)-nootkatone, including cytochrome p450 enzymes, laccase, lipoxygenase, and so on. More recently, the related enzymes were expressed in microbial hosts to heterologous produce (+)-nootkatone, such as Escherichia coli, Pichia pastoris, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Finally, the development direction of research for realizing industrialization of microbial transformation was summarized and it provided many options for future improved bioprocesses.

中文翻译：

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(+)-诺卡酮微生物生物合成及其相关酶的研究进展

(+)-Nootkatone 是一种重要的功能性倍半萜，广泛应用于医药、化妆品、农业和食品香精等行业。然而，(+)-nootkatone在植物中是微量积累的，工业上的需求主要是通过对环境有害的化学方法来满足的。使用微生物方法制备的含氧倍半萜可以被认为是“天然的”。微生物转化具有反应条件温和、高效、环保、立体选择性强等优点，已成为生产天然香料的重要方法。本文总结了以主要前体(+)-瓦伦烯为原料的(+)-nootkatone的微生物合成。已使用真菌、细菌、微藻和植物细胞的全细胞系统。描述了参与微生物生物合成(+)-nootkatone的酶，包括细胞色素p450酶、漆酶、脂氧合酶等。最近，相关酶在微生物宿主中表达到异源产物 (+)-nootkatone，例如大肠杆菌、毕赤酵母、解脂耶氏酵母和酿酒酵母。最后总结了实现微生物转化产业化研究的发展方向，为今后改进生物工艺提供了许多选择。和酿酒酵母。最后总结了实现微生物转化产业化研究的发展方向，为今后改进生物工艺提供了许多选择。和酿酒酵母。最后总结了实现微生物转化产业化研究的发展方向，为今后改进生物工艺提供了许多选择。