Extensive studies, largely during the past decade, identify the dynamic and bidirectional interaction between the bacteria resident in the intestines and their host brain along the “microbiota-gut-brain axis”. This interaction modulates the development and function of the central nervous system and is implicated in neurological disorders. As a neurodevelopmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered a historically defect in the brain. With accumulating evidence showing how the microorganisms modulate neural activities, more and more research is focusing on the role of the gut microbiota in mitigating ASD symptoms and the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we describe the intricate and crucial pathways via which the gut microbiota communicates with the brain, the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and summarize the specific pathways that mediate the crosstalk of the gut microbiota to the brain in ASD.

广泛的研究，主要是在过去十年中，确定了肠道中的细菌与其宿主大脑之间沿着“微生物-肠-脑轴”的动态和双向相互作用。这种相互作用调节中枢神经系统的发育和功能，并与神经系统疾病有关。作为一种神经发育障碍，自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）被认为是大脑的历史缺陷。随着越来越多的证据表明微生物如何调节神经活动，越来越多的研究开始关注肠道微生物群在减轻 ASD 症状中的作用及其潜在机制。在这篇综述中，我们描述了肠道微生物群与大脑交流的复杂而关键的途径，即微生物群-肠-脑轴，