Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) has evolved as a novel and effective therapy for patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Despite positive published outcomes of HGNS, there exist uncertainties regarding proper patient selection, surgical technique, and the reporting of outcomes and individual factors that impact therapy effectiveness. According to current guidelines, this therapy is indicated for select patients, and recommendations are based on the Stimulation Therapy for Apnea Reduction (STAR) trial. Ongoing research and physician experiences continuously improve methods to optimize the therapy. An understanding of the way in which airway anatomy, OSA phenotypes, individual health status, psychological conditions and comorbid sleep disorders influence the effectiveness of HGNS is essential to improve outcomes and expand therapy indications. This manuscript presents discussions on current evidence, future directions, and research gaps for HGNS therapy from the 10th International Surgical Sleep Society expert research panel.

舌下神经刺激 (HGNS) 已发展成为一种新型且有效的治疗中度至重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA) 患者的方法。尽管 HGNS 发表的结果是积极的，但在适当的患者选择、手术技术、结果报告和影响治疗效果的个体因素方面仍存在不确定性。根据目前的指南，这种疗法适用于特定患者，建议基于减少呼吸暂停的刺激疗法 (STAR) 试验。正在进行的研究和医生的经验不断改进优化治疗的方法。了解气道解剖结构、OSA 表型、个人健康状况、心理状况和共病睡眠障碍影响 HGNS 的有效性对于改善结果和扩大治疗适应症至关重要。本手稿介绍了第 10 届国际外科睡眠学会专家研究小组对 HGNS 治疗的当前证据、未来方向和研究差距的讨论。