Abstract

School climate has received considerable attention in the literature and educational policy as a potential target for school improvement and school safety efforts. This paper provides a critical review and synthesis of the literature on school climate, with a particular focus on topics related to measurement, data collection, analysis, as well as prevention and promotion planning. In drawing upon the extant literature, including meta-analyses and systematic reviews, along with our own research, policy, and practice work in school climate and school safety, we consider transactional processes, by which experiences, and contextual factors influence perceptions of school climate and translate into safety related outcomes for students. We also attend to potential mechanisms of changing school and community culture and behavioral norms in relation to school climate promotion and implementation efforts. We conclude by identifying future directions for research related to school climate and highlight the role school psychologists can play in improving measurement, promoting the use of data-based decision making which leverages various sources of information on school climate, implementing school-wide programming, and considering the influence of school climate more broadly on implementation science.

Impact Statement

School climate is a multifaceted construct which incorporates issues related to safety, student engagement, and the school environment. While additional research is needed to determine the most effective approaches for optimizing school climate, there is compelling correlational and experimental evidence that it is an important factor to consider in a comprehensive approach to school safety.

摘要

作为学校改进和学校安全工作的潜在目标，学校气候在文献和教育政策中受到了相当大的关注。本文对有关学校气候的文献进行了批判性回顾和综合，特别关注与测量、数据收集、分析以及预防和促进规划相关的主题。在借鉴现有文献（包括元分析和系统评论）以及我们自己在学校气候和学校安全方面的研究、政策和实践工作时，我们考虑了交易过程，通过这些过程，经验和背景因素会影响对学校气候的看法并转化为学生的安全相关成果。我们还关注改变学校和社区文化以及与学校气候促进和实施工作相关的行为规范的潜在机制。最后，我们确定了与学校气候相关的研究的未来方向，并强调了学校心理学家在改进测量、促进使用基于数据的决策制定方面可以发挥的作用，该决策利用各种学校气候信息来源，实施全校规划，以及更广泛地考虑学校氛围对实施科学的影响。

影响声明

学校氛围是一个多方面的结构，其中包含与安全、学生参与和学校环境相关的问题。虽然需要更多的研究来确定优化学校气候的最有效方法，但有令人信服的相关性和实验证据表明，这是在学校安全综合方法中考虑的重要因素。