Background. Solanum diploconos (Mart.) Bohs is a native Brazilian plant belonging to the Solanaceae family, popularly known as “tomatinho do mato” and poorly investigated. Herein, we presented for the first time evidence for the anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities of S. diploconos fruit hydroalcoholic extract. Material and Methods. In vitro fMLP-induced chemotaxis, LPS-induced inflammatory mediator levels (cytokines by ELISA and NO release by Griess reaction), and adhesion molecule expression (CD62L, CD49d, and CD18, by flow-cytometry) were assessed in neutrophils treated with different concentrations of the extract. Inflammation resolution was measured by the efferocytosis assay and the healing activity by in vivo and in vitro assays. The air pouch model of carrageenan-induced inflammation in Swiss mice was used to investigate the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of the extract. Leukocyte influx (by optical microscopy) and cytokine release were quantified in the pouch exudates. Additionally, the acute and subacute toxic and genotoxic effects of the extract were evaluated. Results. In vitro, the extract impaired neutrophil chemotaxis and its ability to produce and/or release cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6) and NO upon LPS stimuli (). LPS-treated neutrophils incubated with the extract presented increased CD62L expression (), indicating a reduced activation. An enhanced efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages was observed and accompanied by higher IL-10 and decreased TNFα secretion (). In vivo, similar results were noted, including reduction of neutrophil migration, protein exudation, and cytokine release (). Also, the extract increased fibroblast proliferation and promoted skin wound healing (). No signs of toxicity or genotoxicity were observed for the extract. Conclusion. S. diploconos fruit extract is anti-inflammatory by modulating neutrophil migration/activation as well macrophage-dependent efferocytosis and inflammatory mediator release. It also indicates its potential use as a healing agent. Finally, the absence of acute toxic and genotoxic effects reinforces its possible use as medicinal product.

中文翻译：

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Solanum diploconos (Mart.) Bohs 的水醇果实提取物的抗炎和治疗活性

背景。Solanum diploconos (Mart.) Bohs 是一种巴西本土植物，属于茄科，俗称“番茄”，但研究很少。在这里，我们首次提出了S. diploconos果实水醇提取物的抗炎和伤口愈合活性的证据。材料和方法。在用不同浓度处理的中性粒细胞中评估体外fMLP 诱导的趋化性、LPS 诱导的炎症介质水平（ELISA 检测细胞因子和 Griess 反应释放 NO）和粘附分子表达（CD62L、CD49d 和 CD18，通过流式细胞术）的提取物。炎症消退通过 efferocytosis 测定和愈合活性通过体内和体外测定。使用卡拉胶诱导的瑞士小鼠炎症的气囊模型来研究提取物的体内抗炎作用。白细胞流入（通过光学显微镜）和细胞因子释放在袋渗出液中进行量化。此外，还评估了提取物的急性和亚急性毒性和遗传毒性作用。结果。在体外，该提取物损害了中性粒细胞的趋化性及其在 LPS 刺激下产生和/或释放细胞因子（TNF α、IL-1 β和 IL-6）和 NO 的能力。）。与提取物一起孵育的 LPS 处理的中性粒细胞表现出增加的 CD62L 表达（)，表示激活减少。观察到巨噬细胞对凋亡中性粒细胞的胞吐作用增强，并伴有较高的 IL-10 和 TNF α分泌）。 在体内，观察到类似的结果，包括减少中性粒细胞迁移、蛋白质渗出和细胞因子释放（）。此外，提取物增加成纤维细胞增殖并促进皮肤伤口愈合（）。没有观察到提取物的毒性或遗传毒性迹象。结论。S. diploconos果实提取物通过调节中性粒细胞迁移/活化以及巨噬细胞依赖性细胞增多和炎症介质释放来抗炎。它还表明其作为治疗剂的潜在用途。最后，没有急性毒性和遗传毒性作用加强了其作为医药产品的可能用途。