This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of Quillaja saponaria (QS) and Yucca schidigera (YS) on water quality, growth performance and health status of Nile tilapia. Fish (n = 120, 11.97 ± 0.497 g) were randomly distributed into four experimental groups in triplicates. (1) Control group (CG), fish received basal diet; (2) Yucca schidigera group (YS); fish received basal diet and 0.11 ml/m³ per week YS extract in water; (3) Quillaja saponaria group (QS), fish received basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg QS extract; (4) Mixed group (QS/YS), fish received basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg QS and 0.11 ml/m³ per week YS extract in water. Results revealed an improvement of water quality parameters in QS/YS, YS and QS compared with CG (p ≤ 0.05). Fish received QS and/or YS showed higher growth performance and lower feed conversion ratio than CG (p ≤ 0.05), with the best findings being reported in QS/YS. Using QS and/or YS improved gill health, increased intestinal villi length and goblet cell number compared with CG (p ≤ 0.05). Lymphocytes, total protein, globulin and lysozyme activity were increased, while cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and creatinine were decreased in fish received QS and/or YS compared with CG (p ≤ 0.05), with the best results being observed in QS/YS. QS and/or YS supplementation increased lipase, amylase, superoxide dismutase, catalase while reduced malonaldehyde activity compared with CG, with the highest activity being recorded in QS/YS. Conclusively, Nile tilapia received QS and YS prompted synergistic effects that improved water quality, growth performance, immune-oxidative status, digestive enzymes, gills and intestine histomorphology.

中文翻译：

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Quillaja saponaria 和/或 Yucca schidigera 改善尼罗罗非鱼、Oreochromis niloticus 的水质、生长性能、血液健康、肠道和鳃组织形态学

这项研究的目的是评估的协同效应皂树（QS）和丝兰水质，生长性能和尼罗罗非鱼的健康状况（YS）。鱼 ( n  = 120, 11.97 ± 0.497 g) 随机分布到四个实验组中，一式三份。(1)对照组(CG)，鱼接受基础饲料；(2)丝兰群(YS)；鱼接受基础饲料和每周0.11 ml/m ³的水中YS提取物；(3)皂树皂甙组(QS)，鱼接受添加300 mg/kg QS提取物的基础饲料；(4) 混合组 (QS/YS)，鱼接受基础饲料补充 300 mg/kg QS和每周0.11 ml/m ^{3 的}YS提取物在水中。结果显示与CG（相比在QS / YS，YS和QS水质量参数的改进p  ≤0.05）。接受 QS 和/或 YS 的鱼表现出比 CG 更高的生长性能和更低的饲料转化率 ( p  ≤ 0.05)，QS/YS 中报告的结果最好。与 CG 相比，使用 QS 和/或 YS 改善了鳃健康，增加了肠绒毛长度和杯状细胞数量（p  ≤ 0.05）。与CG相比，接受QS和/或YS的鱼的淋巴细胞、总蛋白、球蛋白和溶菌酶活性增加，而胆固醇、甘油三酯、葡萄糖和肌酐降低（p ≤ 0.05)，在 QS/YS 中观察到最好的结果。与 CG 相比，QS 和/或 YS 补充剂增加了脂肪酶、淀粉酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶，同时降低了丙二醛的活性，最高活性记录在 QS/YS 中。最终，尼罗罗非鱼接受 QS 和 YS 促进了协同效应，改善了水质、生长性能、免疫氧化状态、消化酶、鳃和肠道组织形态。