To investigate the impact of ocean waves on transport of underwater spilled oil, a wave action module is developed and embedded into an underwater oil spill model. Combined with a validated hydrodynamic background data, the model is applied to a short-term numerical simulation of the 2011 Penglai 19-3 oil spill event in the Bohai Sea. Numerical result shows that the model result is rationally consistent with the field observation. In addition, waves can influence surface oil slick in both horizontal and vertical directions: in horizontal direction, Stokes drift tends to make oil slick spread more widely under the action of wind-waves; in vertical direction, breaking waves tend to entrain the surface oil into water column, and then affects the vertical distribution of spilled oil. Furthermore, sensitivity study shows that using different parameterizations of wave entrainment can make some difference to the model output, but the effect is limited. Besides, the impact of input wave errors varies on different model outputs. This study is expected to provide offshore oil spill emergency responders and researchers with useful information on oil spill monitoring, emergency plans and environmental damage assessment.

为了研究海浪对水下溢油运输的影响，开发了一个波浪作用模块并将其嵌入到水下溢油模型中。结合经过验证的水动力背景数据，将该模型应用于2011年渤海蓬莱19-3溢油事件的短期数值模拟。数值结果表明，模型结果与野外观测结果基本一致。另外，波浪对地表油层的影响在水平和垂直两个方向上都有影响：在水平方向上，斯托克斯漂移在风浪的作用下往往使油层扩散得更广；在垂直方向，破碎波往往会将地表油卷入水体，进而影响溢油的垂直分布。此外，敏感性研究表明，使用不同的波浪夹带参数化可以对模型输出产生一定的影响，但效果有限。此外，输入波误差对不同模型输出的影响也不同。这项研究有望为海上溢油应急响应人员和研究人员提供有关溢油监测、应急计划和环境损害评估的有用信息。