Conversational negation often behaves differently from negation as a logical operator: when rejecting a state of affairs, it does not present all members of the complement set as equally plausible alternatives, but it rather suggests some of them as more plausible than others (e.g., “This is not a dog, it is a wolf/*screwdriver”). Entities that are semantically similar to a negated entity tend to be judged as better alternatives (Kruszewski et al., 2016). In fact, Kruszewski et al. (2016) show that the cosine similarity scores between the distributional semantics representations of a negated noun and its potential alternatives are highly correlated with the negated noun-alternatives human plausibility ratings. In a series of cloze tasks, we show that negation likewise restricts the production of plausible alternatives to similar entities. Furthermore, completions to negative sentences appear to be even more restricted than completions to an affirmative conjunctive context, hinting at a peculiarity of negation.

中文翻译：

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会话否定所产生的替代词的语义相似性

会话否定的行为通常与作为逻辑运算符的否定不同：当拒绝一个事态时，它不会将补集的所有成员都呈现为同样合理的选择，而是建议其中的一些比其他的更合理（例如，“这不是狗，它是狼/*螺丝刀”）。在语义上与否定实体相似的实体往往被认为是更好的替代品（Kruszewski 等，2016）。事实上，Kruszewski 等人。（2016 年）表明，否定名词的分布语义表示与其潜在替代词之间的余弦相似度得分与否定名词替代词人类合理性评级高度相关。在一系列完形填空任务中，我们表明否定同样限制了类似实体的合理替代方案的产生。