Social identity is embedded in social structures, generated by various social processes, and has multiple dimensions. We report findings from a laboratory experiment eliciting two-dimensional social identities: a horizontal identity determined either randomly or by preferences and a vertical identity defined by income status and determined either by luck or performance. We also vary income gaps between vertical identity groups. Participants make redistributive allocation decisions between two beneficiaries differing in identity attributes. We find robust evidence of in-group favoritism and that both the identity distance between the allocator and the in-group recipient and income gaps influence the degree of in-group favoritism.

社会认同嵌入在社会结构中，由各种社会过程产生，具有多个维度。我们报告了一项实验室实验的结果，该实验引发了二维社会身份：随机或由偏好决定的水平身份和由收入状况定义并由运气或表现决定的垂直身份。我们还改变了垂直身份群体之间的收入差距。参与者在身份属性不同的两个受益人之间做出重新分配的分配决定。我们发现了群体偏爱的有力证据，并且分配者与群体内接受者之间的身份距离和收入差距都会影响群体偏爱的程度。