ABSTRACT

Polish archaeological studies of the last century concerning the development of the settlement network and economic changes in the Lusatian culture (1350–450 BC) in areas of southern Poland prompted the theory that in the initial phase of this culture in Lesser Poland, the economic strategies were the same as in the Upper Silesia, the area from which the settlers came. The cultivation of the native economic model was possible because the Lusatian population migrating from Silesia in the south-east to Lesser Poland settled in environmentally similar areas (loess). This theory was built on the basis of general environmental observations and analyses of the historical ceramic material. To check the validity of the aforementioned thesis, I have analysed a number of faunal materials obtained from three large Lusatian settlements located in loess areas near Krakow. Osteological material was subjected to a comprehensive analysis taking into account the species composition, in terms of anatomy as well as age, gender and animal morphology. The results obtained showed that in addition to environmental pressure, cultural considerations and breeding traditions also had a determinative influence on the choice of the economic pattern.

摘要

波兰上个世纪关于波兰南部地区卢萨蒂亚文化（公元前 1350-450 年）定居网络发展和经济变化的考古研究提出了这样一种理论：在小波兰这种文化的初始阶段，经济战略与定居者来自的上西里西亚地区相同。本土经济模式的培育之所以成为可能，是因为从东南部的西里西亚迁移到小波兰的卢萨蒂亚人口定居在环境相似的地区（黄土）。该理论建立在一般环境观察和历史陶瓷材料分析的基础上。为了检查上述论文的有效性，我分析了从位于克拉科夫附近黄土地区的三个大型卢萨蒂亚定居点获得的一些动物材料。对骨材料进行了全面分析，考虑到物种组成、解剖学以及年龄、性别和动物形态。所得结果表明，除了环境压力外，文化考虑和养殖传统也对经济模式的选择产生决定性影响。