Drag finishing is one of the mass finishing processes that enhances surface roughness on complex parts due to the mechanical action of abrasive media. Due to the complexity of the process, industrial practice is based on experience. This paper proposes a model simulating abrasive media flowing around a part during a drag finishing operation at a macroscopic scale. The 2D model is based on an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation that provides relevant mechanical parameters such as the distribution of stresses (normal and shear stresses) and sliding velocities between abrasive media and the surface to be polished. Abrasive media are modelled as a continuous material with a Drucker-Prager plastic constitutive equation. This last has been calibrated as a result of triaxial testing, commonly used to characterise soils in civil engineering. Two abrasive media (spherical and pyramidal shape) having the same composition were characterised. Pyramidal media exhibit significantly higher rheological behaviour compared to spherical one. The model is shown to be very sensitive to the media's rheological behaviour but also to the immersion depth. Pyramidal media leads to much higher normal and shear stresses, which are even higher at deeper immersion depths. Drag finishing experimental tests were carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the model. The correlation between experimental drag finishing tests and numerical test results reveals the physical mechanisms at the interface between media and the surface. Spherical media, with a small/orthogonal orientation impact angle, promotes plastic deformation, while the main mechanisms becomes cutting at higher impact angles. However, pyramidal media promotes cutting irrespective of the orientation angle. Moreover, it was concluded that the optimal mechanical loading combination happens between 30 and 60° for both medias, as the shearing energy reaches its maximum value.

拖曳精加工是一种大规模精加工工艺，由于磨料介质的机械作用，可以提高复杂零件的表面粗糙度。由于过程的复杂性，工业实践以经验为基础。本文提出了一种在宏观尺度上模拟拖曳精加工操作过程中磨料介质在零件周围流动的模型。二维模型基于任意拉格朗日欧拉 (ALE) 公式，该公式提供了相关的机械参数，例如应力分布（法向应力和剪切应力）以及研磨介质与待抛光表面之间的滑动速度。磨料介质被建模为具有 Drucker-Prager 塑性本构方程的连续材料。这最后一个已作为三轴测试的结果进行校准，通常用于表征土木工程中的土壤。表征了具有相同组成的两种磨料介质（球形和棱锥形）。与球形介质相比，锥形介质表现出明显更高的流变行为。该模型显示出对介质的流变行为非常敏感，而且对浸入深度也非常敏感。金字塔形介质导致更高的法向应力和剪切应力，在更深的浸入深度时甚至更高。进行了阻力整理实验测试以评估模型的效率。实验阻力整理测试和数值测试结果之间的相关性揭示了介质和表面之间界面的物理机制。具有小/正交取向冲击角的球形介质促进塑性变形，而主要机制在更高的冲击角下变得切割。然而，无论取向角度如何，金字塔形介质都能促进切割。此外，得出的结论是，两种介质的最佳机械载荷组合发生在 30 到 60° 之间，因为剪切能达到最大值。