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Clinical profiles associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and complications from coronavirus disease-2019 in children from a national registry in Saudi Arabia
Annals of Thoracic Medicine ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 , DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_709_20 Yasir Almuzaini 1 , Fahad Alsohime 2, 3 , Sarah Al Subaie 2, 3 , Mohamad Hani Temsah 2, 3 , Yousef Alsofayan 1 , Fahad Alamri 1 , Ahmed Alahmari 1 , Hadil Alahdal 4 , Hana Sonbol 4 , Rana Almaghrabi 5 , Mahmoud Nahhas 6 , Anas Khan 7
CONTEXT: Exploring clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in children may help in prevention and treatment guidelines.
AIMS: The aim of the to describe the spectrum of pediatric COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.
SETTINGS And DESIGN: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study involving pediatric COVID-19 patients across all Saudi regions.
METHODS: All patients aged between 2 months and 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. The primary end point was the hospitalization.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Descriptive statistics were used to describe the baseline demographic data and clinical characteristics. Numerical data were explored using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Shapiro–Wilk test, while Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were used for categorical data.
RESULTS: Among the 654 pediatric COVID-19 patients, 4.7% (n = 31) were hospitalized, with one patient only needing pediatric intensive care admission. Sex, breastfeeding, birth status, and the patients' living environment showed no significant association with hospitalization. Most children (80.3%, n = 525) were symptomatic, with two symptoms that were significantly associated with admission, namely, vomiting (P = 0.007) and nausea (P = 0.026). History of admission within the last year was identified in 10.4% (n = 68) children but had no association with worse outcome. The median duration of hospitalization for the entire group was 5.5 days, with longest hospital stay for age group 7–12 years (median 6 days).
CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 is usually a milder disease in children. Although having preexisting medical conditions was linked to a longer hospitalization, it was not associated with worse outcome. Continuous surveillance will allow additional characterization of the burden and outcomes of pediatric COVID-19-associated hospitalizations.
中文翻译：
沙特阿拉伯国家登记处儿童 SARS-CoV-2 感染和 2019 年冠状病毒病并发症相关的临床特征
背景：探索儿童冠状病毒病 19 (COVID-19) 的临床特征可能有助于制定预防和治疗指南。
目的：旨在描述沙特阿拉伯儿科 COVID-19 的谱系。
设置和设计：一项涉及沙特所有地区儿科 COVID-19 患者的多中心、回顾性、横断面研究。
方法：纳入所有年龄在 2 个月至 18 岁之间、确诊为 COVID-19 的患者。主要终点是住院治疗。
使用的统计分析：使用描述性统计来描述基线人口统计数据和临床特征。使用柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验和夏皮罗-威尔克检验探索数值数据，而对分类数据使用卡方或费舍尔精确检验。
结果：在 654 名儿科 COVID-19 患者中，4.7%（n = 31）住院，其中 1 名患者仅需要入院儿科重症监护。性别、母乳喂养、出生状况和患者的生活环境与住院治疗没有显着相关性。大多数儿童（80.3%，n = 525）有症状，其中两种症状与入院显着相关，即呕吐（P = 0.007）和恶心（P = 0.026）。10.4% ( n = 68) 的儿童在去年有入院史，但与较差的结果无关。整个组的中位住院时间为 5.5 天，其中 7-12 岁年龄组住院时间最长（中位 6 天）。
结论： COVID-19 在儿童中通常是一种较轻微的疾病。尽管先前存在的健康状况与住院时间较长有关，但与更差的结果无关。持续监测将有助于进一步了解儿科 COVID-19 相关住院治疗的负担和结果。
更新日期：2021-07-20
Annals of Thoracic Medicine ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 , DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_709_20 Yasir Almuzaini 1 , Fahad Alsohime 2, 3 , Sarah Al Subaie 2, 3 , Mohamad Hani Temsah 2, 3 , Yousef Alsofayan 1 , Fahad Alamri 1 , Ahmed Alahmari 1 , Hadil Alahdal 4 , Hana Sonbol 4 , Rana Almaghrabi 5 , Mahmoud Nahhas 6 , Anas Khan 7
Affiliation
CONTEXT: Exploring clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in children may help in prevention and treatment guidelines.
AIMS: The aim of the to describe the spectrum of pediatric COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.
SETTINGS And DESIGN: A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study involving pediatric COVID-19 patients across all Saudi regions.
METHODS: All patients aged between 2 months and 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. The primary end point was the hospitalization.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Descriptive statistics were used to describe the baseline demographic data and clinical characteristics. Numerical data were explored using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Shapiro–Wilk test, while Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were used for categorical data.
RESULTS: Among the 654 pediatric COVID-19 patients, 4.7% (n = 31) were hospitalized, with one patient only needing pediatric intensive care admission. Sex, breastfeeding, birth status, and the patients' living environment showed no significant association with hospitalization. Most children (80.3%, n = 525) were symptomatic, with two symptoms that were significantly associated with admission, namely, vomiting (P = 0.007) and nausea (P = 0.026). History of admission within the last year was identified in 10.4% (n = 68) children but had no association with worse outcome. The median duration of hospitalization for the entire group was 5.5 days, with longest hospital stay for age group 7–12 years (median 6 days).
CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 is usually a milder disease in children. Although having preexisting medical conditions was linked to a longer hospitalization, it was not associated with worse outcome. Continuous surveillance will allow additional characterization of the burden and outcomes of pediatric COVID-19-associated hospitalizations.
中文翻译：
沙特阿拉伯国家登记处儿童 SARS-CoV-2 感染和 2019 年冠状病毒病并发症相关的临床特征
背景：探索儿童冠状病毒病 19 (COVID-19) 的临床特征可能有助于制定预防和治疗指南。
目的：旨在描述沙特阿拉伯儿科 COVID-19 的谱系。
设置和设计：一项涉及沙特所有地区儿科 COVID-19 患者的多中心、回顾性、横断面研究。
方法：纳入所有年龄在 2 个月至 18 岁之间、确诊为 COVID-19 的患者。主要终点是住院治疗。
使用的统计分析：使用描述性统计来描述基线人口统计数据和临床特征。使用柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验和夏皮罗-威尔克检验探索数值数据，而对分类数据使用卡方或费舍尔精确检验。
结果：在 654 名儿科 COVID-19 患者中，4.7%（n = 31）住院，其中 1 名患者仅需要入院儿科重症监护。性别、母乳喂养、出生状况和患者的生活环境与住院治疗没有显着相关性。大多数儿童（80.3%，n = 525）有症状，其中两种症状与入院显着相关，即呕吐（P = 0.007）和恶心（P = 0.026）。10.4% ( n = 68) 的儿童在去年有入院史，但与较差的结果无关。整个组的中位住院时间为 5.5 天，其中 7-12 岁年龄组住院时间最长（中位 6 天）。
结论： COVID-19 在儿童中通常是一种较轻微的疾病。尽管先前存在的健康状况与住院时间较长有关，但与更差的结果无关。持续监测将有助于进一步了解儿科 COVID-19 相关住院治疗的负担和结果。
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