Objectives We drew on fundamental cause theory and the weathering hypothesis to examine how discrimination influences aging for midlife and older adults in Canada. Methods Using nationally representative data, we assessed the associations between discrimination and pain and functional limitations among adults aged 45 years and older. Discrimination was measured using a modified version of the Everyday Discrimination Scale. Chi-square tests were performed to check for baseline differences in the dependent and key predictor variables by race. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations of discrimination, race, and sense of belonging with pain and functional limitations, net of sociodemographic characteristics, and socioeconomic status. Results Indigenous respondents showed a clear health disadvantage, with higher rates of pain and functional limitations compared to Whites and Asians. Self-reported discrimination was also higher for Indigenous midlife and older adults than for their White and Asian age counterparts. Discrimination had a direct and robust association with pain (odds ratio [OR] 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31–1.87) and functional limitations (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.29–1.87). However, race moderated the impact of discrimination on functional limitations for Blacks. Finally, a strong sense of belonging to one’s local community was protective against pain and functional limitations for all racial groups. Discussion Future research needs to further examine the impact of discrimination on Indigenous peoples’ aging process. High rates of discrimination coupled with a greater burden of pain mean that Indigenous midlife and older adults may require additional and targeted health and social service resources to age successfully.

中文翻译：

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加拿大中老年人的疼痛和功能限制：歧视、种族和归属感的作用

目标 我们利用根本原因理论和风化假说来研究歧视如何影响加拿大中年和老年人的衰老。方法 使用具有全国代表性的数据，我们评估了 45 岁及以上成年人的歧视与疼痛和功能限制之间的关联。歧视是使用修改版的日常歧视量表来衡量的。进行卡方检验以检查因种族和关键预测变量的基线差异。逻辑回归用于估计歧视、种族和归属感与疼痛和功能限制、社会人口学特征和社会经济地位的关联。结果 土著受访者表现出明显的健康劣势，与白人和亚洲人相比，他们的疼痛率和功能受限率更高。土著中年和老年人的自我报告歧视也高于白人和亚洲年龄的同行。歧视与疼痛（优势比 [OR] 1.56, 95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.31-1.87）和功能限制（OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.29-1.87）有直接而强烈的关联。然而，种族缓和了歧视对黑人功能限制的影响。最后，对当地社区的强烈归属感可以保护所有种族群体免受疼痛和功能限制。讨论 未来的研究需要进一步研究歧视对土著人民老龄化过程的影响。