Cancer immunotherapy is a novel approach to cancer treatment that leverages components of the immune system as opposed to chemotherapeutics or radiation. Cell migration is an integral process in a therapeutic immune response, and the ability to track and image the migration of immune cells in vivo allows for better characterization of the disease and monitoring of the therapeutic outcomes. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are promising candidates for use in immunotherapy as they are biocompatible, have flexible surface chemistry, and display magnetic properties that may be used in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this review, advances in application of IONPs in cell tracking and cancer immunotherapy are presented. Following a brief overview of the cancer immunity cycle, developments in labeling and tracking various immune cells using IONPs are highlighted. We also discuss factors that influence the effectiveness of IONPs as MRI contrast agents. Finally, we outline different approaches for cancer immunotherapy and highlight current efforts that utilize IONPs to stimulate immune cells to enhance their activity and response to cancer.

中文翻译：

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用于免疫细胞标记和癌症免疫治疗的氧化铁纳米颗粒

癌症免疫疗法是一种新的癌症治疗方法，它利用免疫系统的组成部分，而不是化疗或放疗。细胞迁移是治疗性免疫反应中不可或缺的过程，跟踪和成像体内免疫细胞迁移的能力可以更好地表征疾病并监测治疗结果。氧化铁纳米颗粒（IONP）是用于免疫治疗的有希望的候选者，因为它们具有生物相容性，具有灵活的表面化学性质，并且显示出可用于对比增强磁共振成像（MRI）的磁性。在这篇综述中，介绍了 IONP 在细胞追踪和癌症免疫治疗中的应用进展。在简要概述癌症免疫周期之后，重点介绍了使用 IONP 标记和跟踪各种免疫细胞的进展。我们还讨论了影响 IONP 作为 MRI 造影剂有效性的因素。最后，我们概述了癌症免疫治疗的不同方法，并重点介绍了当前利用 IONP 刺激免疫细胞以增强其活性和对癌症的反应的努力。