Geothermal activities are often associated with hydrothermal deposits and hydrothermal features that could aid in geothermal exploration. As a case study, this paper is concerned mainly with the factors controlling the hydrothermal activities and deposits in the Hammam Faraun (HF) area, Gulf of Suez rift, Egypt. In addition to dolomites, hot spring travertine deposits recorded for the first time in this area are emphasized. The proposed conceptual models illustrated that these deposits are confined to the damage zone of the Hammam Faraun fault (HFF). The main factors controlling the hydrothermal activities through time are: syn-rift volcanic activities related to shallow magma chamber bounded to the lithosphere, variable fluid conditions and nature of hydrothermal circulation through HF fault system. At rift initiation, sea water percolated along the CLB fault (a clysmic fault parallel to HFF), reached the Nubian Sandstone and Eocene Carbonate aquifers, mixed with their water, heated and arose along the HFF. The hydrothermal deposits related to fluid circulation at this time are represented by stratabound dolomite. At rift climax, the massive dolostone was formed from coastal lakes mixed water. These dolomitizing lakes occupied the topographically low area at the flank of HF relay ramp. With the beginning of post rifting time, travertine deposits were developed from fluids inside spring lakes during the Pleistocene pluvial period. This sequential development of dolomitization, travertine, and hot fluid flow in HF area would suggest continuity of geothermal activities since the rift initiation until present. Therefore, this study may be considered as a guiding model for further proper evaluation of geothermal energy resources of HF area in particular and geothermal systems in rift basins in general.

地热活动通常与有助于地热勘探的热液矿床和热液特征有关。作为案例研究，本文主要关注控制埃及苏伊士湾裂谷 Hammam Faraun (HF) 地区的热液活动和沉积物的因素。除白云岩外，还着重强调了该地区首次记录的温泉钙华沉积物。提议的概念模型表明，这些沉积物仅限于 Hammam Faraun 断层 (HFF) 的破坏区。控制热液活动随时间变化的主要因素是：与岩石圈浅层岩浆房相关的同裂谷火山活动、可变的流体条件和通过 HF 断层系统的热液循环性质。在裂痕开始时，海水沿着 CLB 断层（平行于 HFF 的深沉断层）渗透，到达努比亚砂岩和始新世碳酸盐含水层，与它们的水混合，加热并沿着 HFF 上升。此时与流体循环有关的热液矿床以层状白云岩为代表。在裂谷高潮时，块状白云岩由沿海湖泊混合水形成。这些白云岩化的湖泊占据了高频中继坡道侧面的地形低洼区域。随着裂谷后时期的开始，更新世雨洪期泉湖内的流体形成了石灰华沉积物。HF 地区白云石化、石灰华和热流体流动的这种顺序发展表明，自裂谷开始到现在，地热活动的连续性。所以，