With the rapid growth of time-critical applications in smart grid, robotics, autonomous vehicles, and industrial automation, demand for high reliability, low latency and strictly bounded jitter is sharply increasing. High-precision time synchronization communications, such as Time Triggered Ethernet (TTE), have been successfully developed for wired networks. However, the high cost of deploying additional equipment and extra wiring limits the scalability of these networks. Therefore, in this article, a hybrid wired/wireless high-precision time synchronization network based on a combination of high-speed TTE and 5G Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) is proposed. The main motivation is to comply with the low latency, low jitter, and high reliability requirements of time critical applications, such as smart grid synchrophasor communications. Therefore, in the proposed hybrid network architecture, a high-speed TTE is considered as the main bus (i.e., backbone network), whereas a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) aided 5G-URLLC-based wireless access is used as a sub-network. The main challenge is to achieve interoperability between the PTP aided URLLC and the TTE, while ensuring high precision timing and synchronization. The simulation results demonstrate the impact of the PTP-aided URLLC in maintaining network reliability, latency, and jitter in full coordination with the TTE-network.

中文翻译：

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用于智能电网的混合有线/无线确定性网络

随着智能电网、机器人、自动驾驶汽车和工业自动化中时间关键型应用的快速增长，对高可靠性、低延迟和严格限制抖动的需求急剧增加。高精度时间同步通信，如时间触发以太网（TTE），已成功开发用于有线网络。然而，部署额外设备和额外布线的高成本限制了这些网络的可扩展性。因此，在本文中，提出了一种基于高速TTE和5G超可靠低延迟通信（URLLC）相结合的混合有线/无线高精度时间同步网络。主要动机是为了满足时间关键型应用程序的低延迟、低抖动和高可靠性要求，例如智能电网同步相量通信。因此，在所提出的混合网络架构中，高速TTE被视为主要总线（即骨干网），而精确时间协议（PTP）辅助的基于5G-URLLC的无线接入被用作子网. 主要挑战是实现 PTP 辅助 URLLC 和 TTE 之间的互操作性，同时确保高精度定时和同步。仿真结果证明了 PTP 辅助的 URLLC 在与 TTE 网络完全协调的情况下在维持网络可靠性、延迟和抖动方面的影响。主要挑战是实现 PTP 辅助 URLLC 和 TTE 之间的互操作性，同时确保高精度定时和同步。仿真结果证明了 PTP 辅助的 URLLC 在与 TTE 网络完全协调的情况下在维持网络可靠性、延迟和抖动方面的影响。主要挑战是实现 PTP 辅助 URLLC 和 TTE 之间的互操作性，同时确保高精度定时和同步。仿真结果证明了 PTP 辅助的 URLLC 在与 TTE 网络完全协调的情况下在维持网络可靠性、延迟和抖动方面的影响。