This article proposes a multilevel coordinated voltage control (CVC) strategy for facilitating distributed residential demand response for network voltage optimization. The proposed CVC scheme coordinates multiple home energy management systems (HEMS) connected on a low-voltage radial distribution network through a sensitivity-based approach to minimize voltage deviations in multiple timescales owing to high photovoltaic (PV) penetrations and load variability. In order to mitigate the effects of uncertain PV output and load during actual system operation, a day-ahead two-stage robust optimization (TSRO) model has been developed, which optimizes network operation in the longer timescale, for worst-case realization of uncertainties in shorter timescales. This is sequentially followed by fully distributed hour-ahead CVC which is decomposed into network optimization and energy management subproblems through alternating direction method of multipliers. In order to counteract the effects of real-time uncertainties, local adjustments are performed by redispatching HEMS at individual households to locally adapt to unforeseen variations, thereby minimizing real-time voltage deviations. Extensive simulations are performed on the modified Dutch LV network. Simulation results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed multilevel CVC approach to robustly handle uncertainties while ensuring reliable operation and maximum user-comfort.

中文翻译：

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多重不确定性下住宅需求响应的稳健协调分布式电压控制

本文提出了一种多级协调电压控制 (CVC) 策略，以促进分布式住宅需求响应以优化网络电压。所提出的 CVC 方案通过基于灵敏度的方法协调连接在低压径向配电网络上的多个家庭能源管理系统 (HEMS)，以最大限度地减少由于高光伏 (PV) 渗透率和负载可变性而导致的多个时间尺度上的电压偏差。为了减轻实际系统运行过程中光伏出力和负载不确定的影响，开发了日前两阶段鲁棒优化（TSRO）模型，该模型在更长的时间尺度上优化网络运行，以实现最坏情况下的不确定性在更短的时间范围内。紧随其后的是完全分布式的提前一小时 CVC，通过乘法器的交替方向方法将其分解为网络优化和能源管理子问题。为了抵消实时不确定性的影响，通过重新调度每个家庭的 HEMS 来进行本地调整，以适应不可预见的变化，从而最大限度地减少实时电压偏差。在修改后的荷兰低压网络上进行了广泛的模拟。仿真结果证明了所提出的多级 CVC 方法在稳健处理不确定性的同时确保可靠操作和最大用户舒适度的有效性。本地调整是通过在个别家庭重新调度 HEMS 来执行本地调整以适应不可预见的变化，从而最大限度地减少实时电压偏差。在修改后的荷兰低压网络上进行了广泛的模拟。仿真结果证明了所提出的多级 CVC 方法在稳健处理不确定性的同时确保可靠操作和最大用户舒适度的有效性。本地调整是通过在个别家庭重新调度 HEMS 来执行本地调整以适应不可预见的变化，从而最大限度地减少实时电压偏差。在修改后的荷兰低压网络上进行了广泛的模拟。仿真结果证明了所提出的多级 CVC 方法在稳健处理不确定性的同时确保可靠操作和最大用户舒适度的有效性。